本文選題：政治正當性 + 開明專制�。� 參考：《天津社會科學(xué)》2017年05期

【摘要】：近世中國和歐洲都經(jīng)歷了政教結(jié)構(gòu)的解體,但是在新結(jié)構(gòu)的生成路徑上,兩者的走向卻大相徑庭。歐洲在宗教改革造成"教"的分裂后,各國官僚借助民主話語重塑自身正當性,生成了一種新的共同體權(quán)力。政教體制雖然被放棄,但基督教仍可大體維系民間秩序,兩種權(quán)力模式之間基本相安無事。中國晚清士人以個人本位的歐式民主為基準,將政教相聯(lián)、治道分離的本土政治秩序視為專制。但在反專制的進程中,傳統(tǒng)治道分離的思想體系被改造成政教合一的新結(jié)構(gòu),政治話語從"反專制"轉(zhuǎn)向"開明專制"繼而又轉(zhuǎn)向"反專制",政治實踐中政府卻得以借助民主和科學(xué)話語進行正當性的自我生產(chǎn),并不斷面向民間擴權(quán)。話語和實踐的多重裂變、調(diào)適和重構(gòu),塑造了中國近世歷史的一個基本悖論,即反專制話語始終占主流的近世中國卻生成了一個更集權(quán)的政府。
[Abstract]:In modern times, both China and Europe have experienced the disintegration of church and state structure, but the trend of the new structure is quite different. After the division of religion caused by religious reform in Europe, bureaucrats in various countries reshaped their legitimacy with the help of democratic discourse, and created a new kind of community power. Although the political and religious system is abandoned, Christianity can still maintain civil order in general, and the two modes of power are basically in peace with each other. The scholars in the late Qing Dynasty regarded the local political order of the separation of state and religion as autocracy on the basis of European democracy of individual standard. However, in the process of anti-autocracy, the traditional ideological system of separation of governance and Taoism was transformed into a new structure of integration of government and religion. The political discourse changed from "anti-autocracy" to "enlightened autocracy" and then to "anti-autocracy". In political practice, however, the government was able to carry out legitimate self-production with the help of democratic and scientific discourse, and to continuously expand its power towards the people. The multiple fission, adjustment and reconstruction of discourse and practice have shaped a basic paradox in China's modern history, that is, the anti-autocratic discourse has always been the mainstream of modern China, but has produced a more centralized government.
【作者單位】： 中國社會科學(xué)院近代史研究所;
【分類號】：D092
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本文編號：2104852