發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-05 02:26

  本文選題：章士釗 + 政黨��； 參考：《湖南大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：清末民初，是革命風(fēng)起云涌、政局詭譎多變的時(shí)期，隨著辛亥革命的槍聲響起，清王朝被推翻，國家進(jìn)入一個新的歷史抉擇期，而政體的選擇在這時(shí)成了最為迫切的問題。從20世紀(jì)初晚清的立憲動議與預(yù)備立憲，至袁世凱強(qiáng)令解散第一屆國會，近代中國的政體學(xué)說經(jīng)歷了從形成到興盛的歷史過程。回顧這一時(shí)期的政體學(xué)說，由于現(xiàn)實(shí)政治的需要，，當(dāng)時(shí)思想界對這個問題的探討相當(dāng)熱烈而深入，在這種百家爭鳴的狀態(tài)下，涌現(xiàn)出了眾多著名的政論家。研究政體問題的成果的不斷涌現(xiàn)。一個世紀(jì)后，我們?nèi)匀辉诮?jīng)歷復(fù)雜的社會轉(zhuǎn)型，政治體制改革任重而道遠(yuǎn)，探析清末民初之際中國首次政體試驗(yàn)中典型人物的政體思想，對中國當(dāng)今政治體制改革仍然意義重大。 作為清末民初有名的思想家、政論家，章士釗以一個獨(dú)立學(xué)者的身份，就當(dāng)時(shí)中國的政體選擇，構(gòu)建等問題，發(fā)表了諸多政治觀點(diǎn)，有著系統(tǒng)的政治主張。為了使中國的政治環(huán)境得到根本改善，他提出政治之根本在于“有容”、在于“不好同惡異”；在中央與地方關(guān)系上，他又提出應(yīng)當(dāng)在立法上集權(quán)，行政上分權(quán)；他極力宣傳政黨政治，不厭其煩的說明政黨的關(guān)鍵在政綱與黨德，為此甚至提出轟動一時(shí)的“毀黨造黨”說；他積極主張內(nèi)閣制，并對內(nèi)閣制和總統(tǒng)制的利弊有深刻的見解，最為推崇政黨內(nèi)閣制；章士釗提出的諸如此類的一些主張，使章士釗在中國近代政治思想史上留下了深深的烙印，雖然由于近代中國缺乏建立民主政治的必備條件，隨著國民黨軍權(quán)政治的建立，章士釗的諸多政體主張最終成了無花之果，即便如此，章士釗在我國近代政體思想史上所起的作用，仍是不可替代，無法磨滅的。
[Abstract]:At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, it was a period of revolution and political uncertainty. With the gunfire of the Revolution of 1911, the Qing Dynasty was overthrown, the country entered a new historical choice period, and the choice of government became the most urgent problem at this time. From the constitutional motion and preparatory constitutionalism in the late Qing Dynasty in the early 20th century to the dissolution of the first Congress by Yuan Shikai, the theory of polity in modern China has experienced a historical process from formation to prosperity. Looking back on the theory of polity in this period, due to the need of realistic politics, the discussion of this problem was very heated and thorough in the ideological circle at that time, and in this state of "a hundred schools of thought contending", many famous political commentators emerged. The fruits of the study of polity have sprung up. A century later, we are still undergoing a complicated social transformation, and the reform of the political system has a long way to go. This paper explores the political ideology of the typical figures in China's first political system experiment at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China. It is still of great significance to the reform of China's political system today. As a famous thinker and political commentator in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, Zhang Shizhao, as an independent scholar, put forward a lot of political viewpoints on the choice and construction of political system in China at that time. In order to make the political environment of China improve fundamentally, he proposed that the fundamental of politics lies in "having tolerance" and "not good at the same and evil differences", and in the relations between the central and local governments, he also proposes that the power should be centralized in legislation, and the administrative power should be divided. He tried his best to propagate party politics, explaining that the key to a political party lay in its platform and party morality. For this reason, he even put forward the sensational theory of "destroying the party and building the party." he actively advocated the cabinet system and had profound views on the advantages and disadvantages of the cabinet system and the presidential system. The cabinet system of political parties is most highly respected; some of the ideas put forward by Zhang Shizhao, such as these, have left a deep mark on the history of political thought in modern China, although the lack of necessary conditions for the establishment of democratic politics in modern China has left a deep impression on Zhang Shizhao. With the establishment of the Kuomintang military power politics, many polity claims of Zhang Shizhao are finally the fruit of no flowers. Even so, the role of Zhang Shizhao in the history of political system in modern China is irreplaceable and indelible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D092

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本文編號：2098515