本文選題：《管子》 + 統(tǒng)治��； 參考：《河北師范大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：如何實現(xiàn)政治統(tǒng)治的穩(wěn)定，中國歷代思想家、政治家從多方面進行了有益的思考，提出了多種理論。其中，《管子》把政治穩(wěn)定的基礎放在經(jīng)濟關(guān)系上面，以經(jīng)濟利益為紐帶全面調(diào)節(jié)政治社會中各種關(guān)系的思想最值得重視。 《管子》認為，治理國家不能違背“天道”和“人情”。遵從天道，其政治行為就不能肆意妄為，而應該有“節(jié)”和“度”。人情是好利的，治理國家就應該順從人情，滿足人情，利用人情，讓利成為調(diào)節(jié)政治社會關(guān)系的工具，在人性好利和政治統(tǒng)治之間找到合理的“度”。 從這種理論出發(fā)，《管子》提出了維護政治穩(wěn)定的“取民有度”，控制社會秩序的“貧富有度”，掌控官僚的“賞罰有度”等系統(tǒng)的治國之“度”思想。 “取民有度”是維護政治統(tǒng)治的穩(wěn)定之度。《管子》認為民之“所能為”與“所不能為”之間的“度量”線，，是由生產(chǎn)力水平與人的體力決定的。君主取之于民，應從民之實際出發(fā)，不能無限度地搜刮人民之財富，應保民剩余，維護百姓最基本的生活水平，即而做到“取而不奪”、“取民有度”。 “貧富有度”是控制社會秩序之度。《管子》主張將貧富之權(quán)控制在君主手中，利用民性控制百姓。然而君主并非無限制的操縱，而是在保證百姓基本生活所需的基礎之上，采取“富奪貧予”之手段，從而確保社會各階層的“貧富有度”。 “賞罰有度”是掌控臣僚的激勵之度，君主治理百姓離不開各級官吏，對官吏的掌控直接關(guān)系到國家的社會秩序和政治穩(wěn)定。故君主依法對官吏行賞罰，做到“賞罰有度”，必能掌控臣僚，激勵他們?yōu)閲倚凇?《管子》統(tǒng)治“度”的思想，大大增強了政治的可操作性，不僅對當時統(tǒng)治者治理國家具有指導意義，對當前我國的社會主義和諧社會建設也具有很強的現(xiàn)實意義，比如：如何平衡增強國家財力和社會承受程度的關(guān)系，如何控制社會的兩極分化，如何實行有效激勵措施調(diào)動國家工作人員的工作積極性等，都值得認真借鑒。
[Abstract]:How to realize the stability of political rule, Chinese thinkers and politicians from many aspects of beneficial thinking, put forward a variety of theories. Among them, "Guanzi" puts the foundation of political stability on the economic relations, and the thought of adjusting all kinds of relations in the political society with economic interests as the link is the most worthy of our attention. Governing a country must not violate the "heavenly way" and "human feelings." Obeying the Tao of Heaven, its political behavior should not be wanton, but should have "festival" and "degree". Human feelings are good interests, so governing a country should obey human feelings, satisfy human feelings, make use of human feelings and make profit become a tool to regulate political social relations, and find a reasonable "degree" between good human nature and political rule. Based on this theory, Guanzi put forward the "degree" of "taking the people" to maintain political stability, "the rich and the poor" of controlling the social order, and the "reward and punishment degree" of the bureaucrats. The "measure" between "what the people can be" and "what cannot be" is determined by the level of productivity and physical strength of people. The monarch should proceed from the reality of the people and not search the wealth of the people indefinitely, protect the surplus of the people and maintain the most basic living standard of the people, that is to say, "take but not seize" and "take the people with a degree". "Wealth degree" is the degree of controlling social order. "Guanzi" advocates that the power of the rich and the poor be controlled in the hands of the monarch, and that the common people be controlled by the nature of the people. However, the monarch is not unlimited manipulation, but on the basis of ensuring the basic life of the people, the means of "rich and poor" is adopted to ensure the "rich and the poor" of all social strata. "reward and punishment degree" is the encouragement degree of controlling minister and staff, the monarch governs the common people can not leave all levels of officials, the control of government officials is directly related to the social order and political stability of the country. Therefore, when the monarch rewards and punishes officials according to law and achieves "rewards and punishments," he will be able to control his officials and staff and inspire them to serve the country. The idea of ruling "degree" has greatly enhanced the maneuverability of politics. It is not only of guiding significance for the rulers to govern the country at that time, but also of great practical significance to the construction of a harmonious socialist society in our country at present. For example, how to balance and enhance the relationship between national financial resources and the degree of social tolerance, How to control the polarization of the society and how to carry out effective incentive measures to mobilize the work enthusiasm of national staff are worthy of serious reference.
【學位授予單位】：河北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D092

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