本文選題：亞里士多德 + 《政治學(xué)》�。� 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：亞里士多德作為西方政治學(xué)和比較政治學(xué)的創(chuàng)始者,也作為古典政治哲學(xué)的集大成者,對西方后世的政治思想界產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。西方后世的政治思想家,無論是古羅馬時期的政治思想家、演說家西塞羅,還是中世紀(jì)的神權(quán)政治論者托馬斯·阿奎那,以及近代英國的政治哲學(xué)家霍布斯、美國的建國之父—民主主義者杰斐遜,還有當(dāng)代的精英民主論者代表美國政治學(xué)家亨廷頓,他們都幾乎受到亞里士多德政治思想的影響,尤其是受其政體思想的影響。 可以毫不夸張地說,在西方世界整個的政治思想界,很少有學(xué)者能繞開亞里士多德來單獨進行政治哲學(xué)的思辨與理論研究,他們大多都建立在亞里士多德政治思想的基礎(chǔ)上來思考和探索現(xiàn)實政治問題,他們中有些政治思想家如霍布斯批判了亞里士多德的平民主義思想,而另外有一些政治思想家則肯定其平民主義思想,如杰斐遜。鑒于亞里士多德在整個西方政治哲學(xué)界的地位以及政體問題是其政治哲學(xué)的核心,故而,我擬探討亞里士多德的政治哲學(xué)名著《政治學(xué)》中的政體思想來展現(xiàn)亞里士多德政治思想的博大精深。 從文章的整個邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)看,本文主要分為五個主干部分:第一部分緒論,介紹了研究方法、研究的難點、國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀等論文寫作中所需要涉及的前期準(zhǔn)備過程和思路框架,是順利完成該論文的前提和基礎(chǔ)。 第二部分政體理論,涉及了亞里士多德政治哲學(xué)層面的相關(guān)思想,包括政體的概念和性質(zhì)、政體類型說、理想中最好的政體以及政體的最終目的這四個方面,屬于亞里士多德政治理想的范疇。 第三部分政體實踐,涉及了亞里士多德政治科學(xué)層面的相關(guān)思想,包括君主、平民、寡頭、貴族、僭主政體各不同品種、現(xiàn)實中最好的政體、政體變革的一般原因和個別原因及保全辦法以及政體建立方法這四個方面,屬于亞里士多德政治現(xiàn)實的范疇。 第四部分政體與亞里士多德《政治學(xué)》中其他思想的關(guān)系,包括政體與法律、法治的關(guān)系、政體與教育的關(guān)系、政體與公民的關(guān)系以及政體與城邦的關(guān)系這四個方面,與第二、三部分不同,這部分是從政體與其他思想的外部比較分析的角度來闡明亞里士多德的政體思想,而第二、三部分是從政體自身的內(nèi)部角度來闡述亞里士多德的政體思想,打個比方可以說這三個部分是“一枚硬幣的兩面”,而這枚“硬幣”就是政體思想。 第五部分總結(jié),在這部分中,我主要依據(jù)第二、三、四部分亞里士多德相關(guān)政體思想的論述,來表明亞里士多德政體思想在《政治學(xué)》中的核心地位及其重要意義,另外我也簡要地說明了亞里士多德《政治學(xué)》中的政體思想對后世西方世界的影響,包括對當(dāng)代中國政治的實際影響,并最終歸結(jié)為一句話:只有我們認(rèn)真、深度地理解亞里士多德《政治學(xué)》的政體思想,并結(jié)合政治實踐,才能真正地把大師的政體思想發(fā)揚光大,流傳后世!
[Abstract]:Aristotle, as the founder of Western political and Comparative Political Science, also as a master of classical political philosophy, had a great influence on the political and ideological circles of Western later generations. The political thinkers of the later generations of the west, whether they were political thinkers in ancient Rome, Cicero, or the Theocracy of the middle ages. Thomas Aquinas, as well as the political philosopher Hobbes in modern England, the father of the founding of the United States, the Democrat Jefferson, and the contemporary elite democracies on behalf of Huntington, the American politician, are almost influenced by Aristotle's political thought, especially influenced by his political ideology.
It is no exaggeration to say that in the whole political and ideological circles of the western world, few scholars can bypass Aristotle to carry out the speculative and theoretical study of political philosophy alone. Most of them have built up the political thoughts of Aristotle to think and explore the real political problems. Some of them, such as Hobbes, are such as Hobbes. Aristotle's populist thought was criticized, while some other political thinkers affirmed his thought of populism, such as Jefferson. In view of Aristotle's position in the whole western political philosophy and the core of his political philosophy, I would like to explore Aristotle's famous political philosophy < Political Science >. The thought of the system of government shows Aristotle's broad and profound political thought.
From the whole logical structure of the article, this article is divided into five main parts: the first part is the introduction, which introduces the research methods, the difficulties of the research, the status of the research at home and abroad, and the preparatory process and frame of thought that need to be involved in the thesis writing, which is the prerequisite and foundation for the successful completion of the paper.
The second part of the political theory involves the related ideas of Aristotle's political philosophy, including the concept and nature of the regime, the type of political style, the best form of politics in the ideal and the final purpose of the regime, which belongs to the category of Aristotle's political ideal.
The third part of the political practice involved Aristotle's political science level, including the four aspects of the four aspects: the monarchy, the civilian, the oligarchy, the aristocracy, the tyrant, the best political body in reality, the general reasons for the reform of the regime, the individual reasons, the methods of preservation and the establishment of the regime, which belong to the political current of Aristotle. The real category.
The fourth part of the relationship between the fourth part of the regime and the other thoughts in political science, including the relationship between the government and the law, the rule of law, the relationship between the regime and education, the relationship between the regime and the citizen, and the relationship between the regime and the polis, is different from the second, third part, which is from the perspective of the external comparison and analysis of the government and other ideas. To clarify Aristotle's political thought, and the second, third part is to explain Aristotle's political thought from the internal angle of the regime itself. For example, it can be said that the three parts are "the two sides of a coin", and this "coin" is the thought of the regime.
The fifth part summarizes, in this part, I mainly based on the second, third, four parts of Aristotle's theory of political theory, to show the core status and significance of Aristotle's Political Theory in "Political Science >", and I also briefly explain the political theory of Aristotle in the western world of the later world. The influence, including the actual influence of the contemporary Chinese politics, finally comes down to a sentence: we can only seriously, deeply understand Aristotle's political theory and political practice, and combine political practice, so that we can truly carry forward the ideas of the master's regime and spread the later generations!
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D091

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