本文選題：修正的民主政治 + 自由主義�。� 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 本文以張君勱的政治思想為切入點(diǎn),研究對(duì)象為他的“修正的民主政治”,全文分為三大章,第一章敘述“修正的民主政治”的基本內(nèi)容,從內(nèi)容上來(lái)看,包含政治思想與經(jīng)濟(jì)思想兩方面的內(nèi)容,之所以不僅僅只從政治思想立論,是因?yàn)檎嗡枷肱c經(jīng)濟(jì)思想是張君勱“修正的民主政治”中不可或缺的兩個(gè)部分,也唯有從這兩個(gè)方面去分析才能對(duì)“修正的民主政治”有一個(gè)更好的把握。從時(shí)間上來(lái)看,張君勱的思想從30年代到40年代有一個(gè)細(xì)微的變化,所以筆者亦對(duì)這兩個(gè)時(shí)間段的思想進(jìn)行了分別概括。 第二章在探尋“修正的民主政治”的思想淵源的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)這一思想進(jìn)行哲學(xué)上的分析。首先從政治哲學(xué)層面進(jìn)行分析,在引入積極自由與消極自由概念的基礎(chǔ)上,從自由主義層面對(duì)張君勱所談?wù)摰淖杂蛇M(jìn)行分析,并借由自由與權(quán)力之關(guān)系的探討,深刻剖析張君勱在這一關(guān)系上的誤視。第二節(jié)從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)層面進(jìn)行分析,主要借由哈耶克的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論對(duì)張君勱的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)思想進(jìn)行批判。第三節(jié)由探尋張君勱整體哲學(xué)思想的傾向和歸屬入手,從他哲學(xué)思想的傾向來(lái)尋求主宰他政治思想的主線,分析出儒家思想對(duì)他根深蒂固的影響。 第三章更細(xì)致深入地分析“修正的民主政治”內(nèi)在的矛盾癥結(jié),由“社會(huì)公道”談起,通過(guò)“治道”與“政道”的比較,平等觀的分析,心的自由與身的自由的比較,一一談?wù)撨@些思想與儒家思想的淵源,分析出張君勱所孜孜以求的社會(huì)公平的理想、所追求的平等、所傾慕的建構(gòu)方式、所想要的自由,都與儒家思想息息相關(guān),每一個(gè)思想的構(gòu)成都能從儒家思想所賦予它的思路中找到根源所在。接著以“民族自活”為切入點(diǎn),從國(guó)家主義與自由主義的糾葛這一層面,探尋張君勱背離自由的另一原因。最后把張君勱“修正的民主政治”所代表的第三條道路與西方第三條道路做一簡(jiǎn)單比較。經(jīng)由這一章的分析,最終得出“修正的民主政治”矛盾癥結(jié)在于儒家思想與自由主義的格格不入,儒家思想無(wú)法提供健康的哲學(xué)土壤,讓“修正的民主政治”得以存活發(fā)展,如果把儒家思想作為開出民主自由的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ),不免陷入道德理想主義,只會(huì)讓民主政治被修正得面目全非。
[Abstract]:This article takes Zhang Junmai's political thought as the breakthrough point, the research object is his "revised democratic politics", the full text is divided into three chapters, the first chapter narrates the basic content of "revised democratic politics", from the content point of view, It contains two aspects of political thought and economic thought. The reason is that political thought and economic thought are two indispensable parts of Zhang Junmai's "revised democratic politics". Only from these two aspects can we have a better understanding of revised democracy. From the point of view of time, Zhang Junmai's thought has a slight change from 1930s to 1940s, so the author also generalizes the thought of these two periods. On the basis of exploring the ideological origin of "amended democratic politics", the second chapter makes a philosophical analysis of this thought. First of all, on the basis of introducing the concepts of positive freedom and negative freedom, the author analyzes the freedom discussed by Zhang Junmai from the perspective of political philosophy, and probes into the relationship between freedom and power. Deeply analyze Zhang Junmai's misconception in this relation. The second section analyzes Zhang Junmai's planned economy thought mainly by Hayek's economic theory. The third section begins with exploring the tendency and ownership of Zhang Junmai's overall philosophical thought, seeking the main line that dominates his political thought from the tendency of his philosophical thought, and analyzing the deep-rooted influence of Confucianism on him. The third chapter makes a more detailed and in-depth analysis of the internal contradictions in "amended democratic politics", starting with "social justice", comparing "governance" with "political justice", analyzing the concept of equality, and comparing the freedom of the mind with the freedom of the body. By discussing the origin of these thoughts and Confucianism, we can find out that the ideal of social justice, the equality pursued, the way of construction, and the freedom that Zhang Junmai pursues are closely related to Confucianism. The composition of each thought can find its roots in the thought given by Confucianism. From the angle of nationalism and liberalism, the author explores another reason why Zhang Junmai deviated from freedom. Finally, the third path represented by Zhang Junmai's revised Democratic Politics is compared with the third Western one. Through the analysis of this chapter, it is concluded that the crux of the contradiction of "revised democratic politics" lies in the fact that Confucianism is incompatible with liberalism, and Confucianism cannot provide a healthy philosophical soil for the survival and development of "amended democratic politics". If Confucianism is regarded as the philosophical basis of democracy and freedom, it is bound to fall into moral idealism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D092

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