本文選題：亞伯拉罕·林肯 + 開國之父��； 參考：《南京大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：亞伯拉罕·林肯被視為美國歷史上最偉大的總統(tǒng)之一,他領導國家度過南北戰(zhàn)爭,維護了聯(lián)邦制,結束了奴隸制—這一美國建國以來一直殘存下來的問題。內戰(zhàn)前的19世紀50年代,隨著奴隸制不斷擴張,因奴隸制問題而產生的辯論和斗爭日益增多并且尖銳化。1854年,伊利諾伊州參議員斯蒂芬·道格拉斯提出《堪薩斯-內布拉斯加法案》,打開了使以往得到保證的自由州成為奴隸州的通道,直接導致一個對廢除奴隸制持相對激進態(tài)度的政黨——共和黨的建立。1957年,在德雷德·斯科特判決案中,最高法院的首席大法官羅杰·唐尼裁定,無論《獨立宣言》還是美國憲法都不適用于黑人,再一次激化南北雙方的矛盾。就是在這種歷史背景下,幾乎默默無名的林肯重返政治舞臺并加入共和黨。他先后五次在重要政治演說中闡述限制奴隸制并最終消滅奴隸制的必要性。為了證明自己的主張,林肯引經(jīng)據(jù)典,借古喻今,將聽眾帶回到建國之初,重溫開國之父們反對蓄奴制的態(tài)度。同時,他的主張又完美地代表了共和黨為數(shù)眾多的中間派的觀點。林肯的演說贏得了聽眾的廣泛敬仰,林肯聲名遠播,成為了美國政壇上冉冉升起的一顆新星,從當初默默無聞的草原律師迅速變?yōu)楣埠忘h公認的領袖人物,并獲得黨內總統(tǒng)候選人提名,最終贏得1860年總統(tǒng)大選,成為了19世紀最偉大的歷史人物。 本文選取內戰(zhàn)前林肯自1854年到1860年間發(fā)表的最具有代表性的5次政治演說作為研究對象,旨在探究林肯演講中對開國之父關于奴隸制觀點的引用和詮釋的作用及意義。本研究全文分為5個部分。第一章是引言,簡要概述了美國總統(tǒng)林肯的歷史作用和其重要演說的背景知識。第二章是文獻綜述,此部分回顧了前人關于林肯和美國國父間的聯(lián)系的分析研究,并指出論文的研究貢獻及新穎之處。第三章和第四章是全文的重點部分。第三章以19世紀50年代的歷史為背景,闡述了與林肯同時代關鍵人物的對于奴隸制的不同歷史觀點。本章重點研究了林肯在各個演說中如何借用開國之父對待奴隸制的態(tài)度來闡述限制奴隸制的必要性的。這五次演說分別為皮奧里亞演說、德雷德·斯科特演說、林肯的“裂屋”演說、林肯與道格拉斯大辯論與庫珀學會演說。第四章以《獨立宣言》、托馬斯·杰弗遜和美國制憲者為例,探究了林肯演說中對史實有選擇的引用的局限性,并分析解釋了林肯所獲的政治支持與上述演講策略的關系。第五章結論簡要分析了林肯演說中展現(xiàn)的政治智慧以及本論文的主要發(fā)現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Abraham Lincoln was regarded as one of the greatest presidents in American history. He led the country through the Civil War, upheld the federal system, and put an end to slavery, an issue that had survived since the founding of the United States. In the 1850s, before the Civil War, with the expansion of slavery, the debate and struggle over slavery increased and sharpened. In 1854, The Kansas-Nebraska Act, introduced by Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois, opened the way for a previously guaranteed free state to become a slave state. Led directly to the establishment of the Republican Party, a relatively radical party to abolish slavery. In 1957, in the Dred Scott judgment, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Roger Downey, ruled that Neither the Declaration of Independence nor the United States Constitution applies to blacks, once again exacerbating the conflict between the North and the South. It was against this historical backdrop that almost unknown Lincoln returned to the political arena and joined the Republican Party. He spoke five times in important political speeches about the need to limit slavery and eventually eliminate it. In order to prove his claim, Lincoln cited the classics to bring the audience back to the early days of the founding of the country and to relive the attitude of the founding fathers against slavery. At the same time, his ideas perfectly represent the views of many of the Republican centrists. Lincoln's speech won wide admiration from the audience, and Lincoln became famous as a rising star in American politics, rapidly becoming a Republican leader from a little-known prairie lawyer. He won the presidential election in 1860 and became the greatest historical figure in the 19 th century. In this paper, five representative political speeches made by Lincoln from 1854 to 1860 before the Civil War were chosen as the object of study. The purpose of this study was to explore the role and significance of the references and interpretations of the Founding Fathers' views on slavery in Lincoln's speech. This research is divided into five parts. The first chapter is an introduction, which gives a brief overview of the historical role of President Lincoln and the background of his important speech. The second chapter is a literature review, which reviews the previous studies on the relationship between Lincoln and the father of the United States, and points out the contribution and novelty of the research. The third and fourth chapters are the key parts of the paper. The third chapter takes the history of 1850's as the background and expounds different historical viewpoints on slavery of the key figures of Lincoln's time. This chapter focuses on how Lincoln used the father's attitude towards slavery in his speeches to illustrate the need to limit slavery. The five speeches were Peoria speeches, Drayd Scott speeches, Lincoln's "House of crack" speeches, Lincoln and Douglas debate, and Cooper Institute speeches. The fourth chapter takes the Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson and the American Constituent as examples to explore the limitations of the selective quotation of historical facts in Lincoln's speech and to explain the relationship between Lincoln's political support and the above-mentioned speech strategies. The fifth chapter briefly analyzes the political wisdom of Lincoln's speech and the main findings of this thesis.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D091

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