發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-20 01:03

  本文選題：托馬斯·潘恩 + 《常識》�。� 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：18世紀(jì)的最后30年爆發(fā)了兩場舉世矚目的革命：北美獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭和法國大革命，一位英國人托馬斯·潘恩（Thomas Paine，1737—1809）在不同程度上都參與了這兩場革命。潘恩因他的小冊子《常識》對北美獨(dú)立的巨大貢獻(xiàn)而聞名于世，長期以來對潘恩的研究集中在他的政治思想方面，實(shí)際上潘恩在《常識》以及《人權(quán)論》中有大量的關(guān)于法律的論述，尤其是在《人權(quán)論》中潘恩較為系統(tǒng)地提出了他的憲法思想，他對法律的看法很多是在與他人論戰(zhàn)或者對比具體法律制度時(shí)闡述的，他關(guān)注的內(nèi)容主要是18世紀(jì)英法美三國的憲法或法律制度。本文著力結(jié)合時(shí)代背景，從法律史角度出發(fā)，選取潘恩的法律思想作為研究對象，采用文本分析的方法，通過對潘恩兩本著作《常識》和《人權(quán)論》的研究，對潘恩法律思想的內(nèi)容、特點(diǎn)、影響等進(jìn)行探析。 在對潘恩的著作以及相關(guān)通史資料進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析的前提下，本文著力從以下幾個部分展開論述： 引言部分介紹了潘恩的歷史地位和成就、相關(guān)領(lǐng)域研究現(xiàn)狀、本文的研究方法和創(chuàng)新之處。 論文正文的第一部分介紹了潘恩的生平情況，以及他的思想可能的來源。潘恩的一生活躍于英國、美國、法國三個國家，，他出身于英國的一個普通裁縫家庭，因在北美寫下鼓舞北美獨(dú)立的《常識》而名聲大噪。法國大革命爆發(fā)后潘恩為回應(yīng)柏克的《法國革命論》而寫下《人權(quán)論》，并在法國當(dāng)選為國民議會議員，參與起草1793年憲法。潘恩思想的來源很難捉摸，他沒有受過系統(tǒng)的法學(xué)教育，他的著作中也很少提到其他思想家的名字，本文推測他的思想來源于牛頓的宇宙觀、教友派理念、潘恩本人的出身和豐富的人生經(jīng)歷。 第二部分介紹潘恩法律思想的具體內(nèi)容，主要包括潘恩為北美獨(dú)立作法理上的論證、潘恩的法律權(quán)利觀以及潘恩的憲法觀。首先，潘恩在《常識》中為北美獨(dú)立作法理上的論證，北美獨(dú)立的核心在于立法權(quán)的獨(dú)立，一個社會以及它的人民應(yīng)該擁有為自己立法的權(quán)利；其次，潘恩在《人權(quán)論》中駁斥了人民應(yīng)當(dāng)無條件遵循前代人法律的觀點(diǎn)，再次強(qiáng)調(diào)人民有為自己立法的權(quán)利，并且論證人的法律權(quán)利的平等性；最后，潘恩著重論述了自己的憲法思想，他對憲法作出了定義并且對比了英美法三國的“憲法”，揭露英國“憲政”的不合理性。 第三部分是潘恩法律思想的評析，主要包括潘恩法律思想的特點(diǎn)、影響和局限性。首先，潘恩法律思想的特點(diǎn)，可以概括為鮮明的民主性、法律的至上性、強(qiáng)烈的時(shí)代性和思想的通俗性；其次是潘恩法律思想的影響，主要是《常識》的法律思想對北美獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭的影響，《人權(quán)論》憲法思想對美國、法國和英國的影響，以及潘恩憲法思想可能的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義；最后，潘恩法律思想的局限性，主要表現(xiàn)在潘恩沒有解答“違法與守法的界限”以及對英國憲政的片面分析。
[Abstract]:The last 30 years of the 18th century saw two notable revolutions: the American Revolution of Independence and the French Revolution, in which Thomas Paine, an Englishman, 1737-1809, participated to varying degrees. Known for his great contribution to North American independence, Paine has long focused his research on his political ideas. In fact, Paine had a great deal of discourse on the law in Common sense and Human Rights, especially in Human Rights, in which Paine put forward his constitutional ideas more systematically. Many of his views on the law are discussed in the debate with others or in comparison with specific legal systems. His main concern is the constitutions or legal systems of Britain, France and the United States in the 18th century. Based on the background of the times and from the angle of legal history, this paper chooses Paine's legal thought as the object of study, and adopts the method of text analysis to study his two works, Common sense and Human Rights. The content, characteristics and influence of Paine's legal thought are analyzed. Based on the systematic analysis of Paine's works and related general history materials, this paper focuses on the following parts: the introduction introduces Paine's historical status and achievements, and the current research situation in related fields. The research method and innovation of this paper. The first part of the thesis introduces Paine's life and the possible source of his thoughts. Paine, whose life was active in England, the United States and France, came from an English tailor's family and became famous for writing common sense in North America that inspired North American independence. After the French Revolution Paine wrote the Human Rights Theory in response to Burke's the French Revolution and was elected a member of the National Assembly in France and participated in drafting the 1793 constitution. The source of Paine's ideas is hard to understand, he has no systematic legal education, and he rarely mentions the names of other thinkers in his works. Paine's own birth and rich life experience. The second part introduces the specific content of Paine's legal thought, including Paine's legal argument for North American independence, Paine's view of legal rights and Paine's constitutional view. First, Paine argues in Common sense for North American independence that the core of North American independence is the independence of the legislative power, and that a society and its people should have the right to legislate for themselves. In the Theory of Human Rights, Paine refutes the idea that the people should abide unconditionally by the laws of the previous generation, emphasizes once again the right of the people to legislate for themselves, and argues that the legal rights of the human being are equal; finally, Paine focuses on his constitutional thought. He defines the constitution and contrasts the constitutions of Britain and France, exposing the unreasonableness of British constitutionalism. The third part is the analysis of Paine's legal thought, including the characteristics, influence and limitation of Paine's legal thought. First of all, the characteristics of Paine's legal thought can be summarized as the distinct democracy, the supremacy of law, the strong character of the times and the popularity of thought, and secondly, the influence of Paine's legal thought. It is mainly about the influence of the legal thought of "Common sense" on the North American War of Independence, the influence of the constitutional thought on the United States, France and Britain, and the possible practical significance of Paine's constitutional thought. Finally, the limitation of Paine's legal thought. This is mainly reflected in Paine's failure to answer the boundary between breaking the law and abiding by the law and the one-sided analysis of British constitutionalism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D091

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 陳釗;;論托馬斯·潘恩的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)思想[J];重慶工商大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會科學(xué)版);2009年01期

2 梅利莎·萊恩,閆月梅;湯姆·潘恩和市民社會[J];當(dāng)代世界與社會主義;1997年03期

3 王濤;李莉;;潘恩人權(quán)思想述要[J];湖北大學(xué)成人教育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2006年03期

4 洪春;潘恩《常識》影響美國獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭的重要原因[J];江蘇教育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(社會科學(xué)版);1999年01期

5 郭偉鋒;;潘恩的社會福利觀與英國的社會保障制度[J];南平師專學(xué)報(bào);2007年01期

6 張銳智;潘恩法思想研究[J];遼寧大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);1996年06期

7 楊雁;;《圣經(jīng)·約伯記》與美國啟蒙思想的關(guān)聯(lián)建構(gòu)——以富蘭克林與潘恩為例[J];海外英語;2012年20期

8 孟繁容;;托馬斯·潘恩的民主思想[J];衡陽師專學(xué)報(bào)(社會科學(xué));1988年01期

9 何高藻,李方林;獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭與政體革命──對潘恩《常識》的新認(rèn)識[J];四川大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);1999年04期

10 陳志瑞;伯克、潘恩的沖突與共識[J];首都師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會科學(xué)版);1998年01期

本文編號：2042183