發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-08 08:33

  本文選題：伯明翰學(xué)派 + CCCS�。� 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：維多利亞時(shí)代中期,英國現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程向縱深推進(jìn),工人階級(jí)的民主化訴求高漲。倫敦海德公園爆發(fā)了騷亂事件,馬修·阿諾德視之為“無政府狀態(tài)”的象征。他認(rèn)為中產(chǎn)階級(jí)文化的粗鄙和工人階級(jí)的“無政府”傾向是現(xiàn)代機(jī)械與物質(zhì)文明的后果,需要最優(yōu)秀的文化樹立適當(dāng)?shù)慕y(tǒng)一權(quán)威加以對(duì)抗。這初步建立了人文主義的精英文化觀念。進(jìn)入20世紀(jì),英國商業(yè)化與大眾化時(shí)代悄然來臨,利維斯對(duì)以電影、廣告等為代表的大眾文化進(jìn)行研究。他認(rèn)為過去的“有機(jī)共同體”在現(xiàn)代機(jī)器文明下正在失落。因此,他建立了英國文學(xué)的“偉大傳統(tǒng)”,并期望通過英語教育培養(yǎng)能鑒賞代表最高價(jià)值作品的少數(shù)人,以維護(hù)英國的文化傳統(tǒng)。他們自己就是少數(shù)人中的一員。 盡管深受利維斯“細(xì)讀”方法的影響,出身于工人階級(jí)的“獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金男孩”雷蒙德·威廉斯與理查德·霍加特,根據(jù)自己的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和成人教育實(shí)踐,反駁了利維斯的精英文化觀念。他們認(rèn)為文化是平常的,是一種生活方式,精英文化只是其中的一種。他們進(jìn)入學(xué)術(shù)界發(fā)出了工人階級(jí)的聲音。戰(zhàn)后英國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)步入晚期資本主義階段,政治、文化經(jīng)歷了深刻的變遷。伴隨著文化的日益商業(yè)化、美國化,以反叛文化為標(biāo)志的“文化革命”席卷而來。政治上,共識(shí)政治與國際共產(chǎn)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的挫折,導(dǎo)致傳統(tǒng)左翼政治空間喪失殆盡。以《新左派評(píng)論》為中心的新左派轉(zhuǎn)而探討文化問題,由于缺乏共同的綱領(lǐng)和實(shí)施空間,逐漸衰落。然而,學(xué)生運(yùn)動(dòng)、反越戰(zhàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)以及后來的女性解放運(yùn)動(dòng)、反種族運(yùn)動(dòng)等新社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)開辟了新的政治認(rèn)同與斗爭(zhēng)方式。 在新一代新左派尋求大陸思想資源進(jìn)行理論建設(shè)的情況下,參與新左派運(yùn)動(dòng)斯圖亞特·霍爾加入了霍加特建立的伯明翰當(dāng)代文化研究中心(CCCS)。中心得益于戰(zhàn)后高等教育的擴(kuò)張,致力于戰(zhàn)后文化的跨學(xué)科研究�；艏犹仉x開中心后,霍爾帶領(lǐng)來自“邊緣人群”并積極投身新社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的中心成員與學(xué)生,建立理論研討小組,吸收以西方馬克思主義為主的思想資源。中心成員延續(xù)新左派時(shí)期對(duì)文化與政治問題的思考,研究了現(xiàn)代大眾消費(fèi)和媒介方式,青年亞文化等領(lǐng)域,其學(xué)術(shù)成果發(fā)布在中心創(chuàng)辦的蠟紙論文與《文化研究工作報(bào)告》上。此外,伯明翰中心與英國的《銀幕》雜志等文化研究機(jī)構(gòu)的學(xué)術(shù)交往、爭(zhēng)鳴活躍。進(jìn)入80年代后期,中心正式體制化并入文化研究系,并于2002年被關(guān)閉。但是文化研究在伯明翰中心的帶動(dòng)下擴(kuò)散至全球特別是英語世界國家,獲得了巨大影響。 中心在開始階段受威廉斯等人的文化主義觀念影響,更為強(qiáng)調(diào)人類經(jīng)驗(yàn)的能動(dòng)性；隨著阿爾都塞結(jié)構(gòu)主義的引入,中心深受結(jié)構(gòu)性分析影響,之后為葛蘭西理論所調(diào)和。伯明翰學(xué)派對(duì)文化的理解由文化是什么推進(jìn)到文化是怎樣的,其重點(diǎn)在于分析文化內(nèi)部意識(shí)形態(tài)等的運(yùn)作方式。例如,青年亞文化的研究揭示了主導(dǎo)文化與從屬文化的復(fù)雜張力,表明亞文化并不是一味地被操縱,有時(shí)是一種抵抗形式,當(dāng)然,主導(dǎo)集團(tuán)會(huì)通過教育等方式實(shí)施社會(huì)秩序的再生產(chǎn)。在研究論域方面,中心的女性和黑人成員相繼反抗,推進(jìn)了對(duì)自己所屬群體的研究,爭(zhēng)奪話語權(quán),揭示主流社會(huì)對(duì)“邊緣人群”的壓迫。女性小組的研究表明,性別關(guān)系為意識(shí)形態(tài)所建構(gòu),這種形式的性別關(guān)系暗示了女性對(duì)男性的從屬,對(duì)此,必須將通過父權(quán)資本主義所建構(gòu)的女性主義意識(shí)形態(tài)放在與其被‘男性氣質(zhì)’所多元決定的關(guān)系中看待。種族研究則認(rèn)為其長期被歷史書寫所忽視,認(rèn)為種族主義意識(shí)形態(tài)滲透進(jìn)國家機(jī)構(gòu)之中,并在威權(quán)主義之下發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變。中心的研究論域隨著時(shí)代發(fā)展不斷產(chǎn)生新的切入點(diǎn),發(fā)掘新的學(xué)術(shù)與政治問題。伯明翰學(xué)派對(duì)戰(zhàn)后英國文化的研究推動(dòng)了對(duì)大眾文化的深入理解,使得人們更強(qiáng)烈地感知到大眾時(shí)代的真正意義�？偠灾�,伯明翰學(xué)派是推動(dòng)戰(zhàn)后英國學(xué)術(shù)界轉(zhuǎn)變的一大動(dòng)力。
[Abstract]:In the middle of the times of Vitoria, the process of modernization in Britain was advanced and the demands of the democratization of the working class rose. The riots broke out in the Hyde Park in London. Matthew Arnold regarded it as the symbol of "anarchy". He believed that the vulgar culture of the middle class and the "anarchy" of the working class were modern mechanical and material texts. The consequences of it are the need for the best culture to set up appropriate unified authority to combat it. This has initially established the humanistic idea of elite culture. Into the twentieth Century, the era of commercialization and popularization of Britain came quietly, and Lewis studied the popular culture represented by films and advertisements. Under the civilization of modern machine civilization, he was losing. Therefore, he established the "great tradition" of English literature, and hoped to cultivate a few people who could appreciate the highest value works by English education in order to maintain the British cultural tradition. They were one of the few.
In spite of the influence of Lewis's "fine reading" method, Raymond Williams and Richard Hoart, born from the working class "scholarship boy", refute Lewis's elite cultural concept based on his own life experience and adult education practice. They believe that culture is common, a way of life, and a culture of elite only. One of them entered the academic circle and sent out the voice of the working class. After the war, the post-war British economic society entered the late stage of capitalism, political and cultural changes have undergone profound changes. With the growing commercialization of culture, the Americanization, the "Cultural Revolution" marked by the culture of rebellion. The setback of the productive movement led to the loss of the traditional left-wing political space. The new left group centered on the Neo leftist criticism turned to cultural issues and gradually declined because of the lack of common programme and space. However, the student movement, the anti Vietnam war movement and the subsequent women's liberation movement, the anti racial movement and other new social movements opened up. A new way of political identification and struggle.
In the context of the new generation of new leftists seeking continental ideological resources for theoretical construction, the new left movement, Stuart Holzer, joined the Bermingham Contemporary Cultural Research Center (CCCS) established by hhogart. The center benefited from the expansion of post-war higher education, devoted to the interdisciplinary study of post-war literature. After hhogt left the center, Holzer Leading members and students from the "marginal crowd" and actively participating in the new society movement, establish a theoretical research group and absorb the ideological resources of Western Marx doctrine. The central members continue to think about the cultural and political problems during the new leftist period, and study the fields of modern consumption and media, youth subculture, and so on. Its academic achievements were published in the center set up of the wax paper paper and the report on the work of cultural research. In addition, the academic association of the Bermingham center and the British Institute of cultural research, such as the silver screen magazine, was active. In the late 80s, the center was formally institutionalized into the cultural research department and closed in 2002. But the cultural research was in Bermingham. The spread of the center to the world, especially in the English speaking world, has had a great impact.
At the beginning, the center is influenced by the cultural concept of Williams and others, more emphasis on the activism of human experience; with the introduction of Al Du Jose structuralism, the center is deeply influenced by structural analysis, and then reconciled to the theory of Gramsci. Bermingham's understanding of culture from what is the culture to the culture is what it is. For example, the study of youth subculture reveals the complex tension between the dominant culture and the subordinate culture, indicating that subculture is not manipulated blindly, sometimes a form of resistance, of course, the leading group will carry out the reproduction of social order through teaching and education. In the domain, the women and the black members of the center have revolted, advancing the study of their own group, competing for the right to speak, and revealing the oppression of the "marginal crowd" by the mainstream society. The study of the female group shows that the gender relationship is constructed by ideology, and this form of sexual relationship implies that women are subordinate to men. The feminist ideology constructed by patriarchal capitalism is placed in the relationship of multiple decisions with its' masculinity '. Ethnicity is considered to be neglected by historical writing for a long time, considering that racist ideology penetrated into the state institutions and changed under authoritarianism. With the development of the era, new academic and political issues have been created, and the Bermingham school's study of post-war British culture promoted a deep understanding of the mass culture and made people more strongly aware of the real significance of the mass era. In a word, the Bermingham school has promoted the transition of post-war British academic circles. A great power.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G0;D091

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本文編號(hào)：1995366