本文選題：多民族國(guó)家 + 精神共同體��； 參考：《學(xué)術(shù)界》2017年02期

【摘要】：基于民族認(rèn)同的民族主義政治對(duì)于建構(gòu)現(xiàn)代民族國(guó)家具有決定影響;對(duì)于亞國(guó)家層次多民族和族群政治身份的承認(rèn),促成了多民族國(guó)家共同體的建構(gòu)。20世紀(jì)下半期開始,身份政治的發(fā)展及政治治理對(duì)于身份政治訴求的有效應(yīng)對(duì),促進(jìn)了西方自由主義政治哲學(xué)的發(fā)展和治理理念、治理實(shí)踐的發(fā)展。在近20年來(lái),西方國(guó)家人口出生率下降,接納的移民數(shù)量大幅度增長(zhǎng),在西方國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)不力的情況下,移民對(duì)于社會(huì)造成壓力,出現(xiàn)了本土主義。在本次英國(guó)脫歐、美國(guó)大選中,曾經(jīng)作為主流群體的英國(guó)人、美國(guó)白人群體,用選票實(shí)施了“本土主義的身份政治”,筆者將其總結(jié)為“反應(yīng)性身份政治”,[1]即在其他族群身份政治的壓力下,某些群體以身份政治進(jìn)行族群邊界的強(qiáng)化和自我利益的保護(hù)。這是一個(gè)值得關(guān)注的現(xiàn)象,也說(shuō)明身份政治具有無(wú)限的變化發(fā)展可能,對(duì)于人類政治和共同體有著重大和深刻的影響。
[Abstract]:The nationalistic politics based on national identity has a decisive influence on the construction of modern nation-state, and the recognition of multi-national and ethnic political identity at the sub-national level has contributed to the construction of the multi-ethnic national community in the second half of the 20th century. The development of identity politics and the effective response of political governance to the demands of identity politics promote the development of western liberal political philosophy and the concept of governance and the development of governance practice. In the past 20 years, the birth rate of the western countries has fallen and the number of immigrants admitted has increased dramatically. In the case of poor economic growth in the western countries, immigrants have put pressure on the society and appeared nativism. In the current Brexit and US election, the British, the white American group, who were once mainstream groups, used votes to implement "nativist identity politics." The author summarizes it as "reactive identity politics". [1] that is, under the pressure of other ethnic identity politics, some groups use identity politics to strengthen the ethnic boundaries and protect their own interests. This is a phenomenon worthy of attention, and it also shows that identity politics has unlimited possibilities of change and development, and has a significant and profound impact on human politics and the community.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院民族學(xué)與人類學(xué)研究所;

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