本文選題：社會(huì)黨 + 第三條道路　； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：在新自由主義和經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的雙重沖擊下,民主社會(huì)主義自上個(gè)世紀(jì)七十年代后逐步陷入困境。為了扭轉(zhuǎn)頹勢,歐洲的社會(huì)黨人選擇了一條既不同于傳統(tǒng)民主社會(huì)主義,又不同于新自由主義的“第三條道路”�！暗谌龡l道路”改革的實(shí)質(zhì)是社會(huì)黨對(duì)傳統(tǒng)民主社會(huì)主義的背離和對(duì)新自由主義的趨同。歐洲民主社會(huì)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)由此演變成為社會(huì)民主主義運(yùn)動(dòng)。2007年以來的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī),加劇了社會(huì)黨的衰落�？梢灶A(yù)見,在未來相當(dāng)長一段時(shí)期內(nèi),歐洲社會(huì)黨右化、弱化、分化趨勢難以避免。 第一章主要探討當(dāng)代社會(huì)民主主義產(chǎn)生的歷史背景。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后,新技術(shù)革命推動(dòng)了歐洲發(fā)達(dá)資本主義產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)變革。第一產(chǎn)業(yè)和第二產(chǎn)業(yè)在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的比重不斷下降,第三產(chǎn)業(yè)迅猛發(fā)展。產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化導(dǎo)致了社會(huì)階級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的改變。工人階級(jí)和農(nóng)民階級(jí)數(shù)量銳減,中間階級(jí)人數(shù)迅猛增加。新技術(shù)革命同時(shí)為經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化提供了物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)和技術(shù)保障。自上個(gè)世紀(jì)七十年代以來,經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化呈現(xiàn)明顯加速趨勢。在新技術(shù)革命和經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化背景下,新自由主義逐步崛起,而歐洲民主社會(huì)主義逐漸走向衰落。上個(gè)世紀(jì)九十年代的蘇東劇變,更是加劇了民主社會(huì)主義的危機(jī)。 第二章主要論述“第三條道路”改革的緣起、基本政策主張、不同模式以及“第三條道路”的實(shí)質(zhì)。在新自由主義和蘇東劇變雙重打擊下,社會(huì)黨在大選中接連失敗。為了擺脫困境,英國工黨在布萊爾領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,率先發(fā)起“第三條道路”改革,并以此贏得了英國大選。此后,德國施羅德、法國若斯潘等紛紛推出本國版的“第三條道路”。“第三條道路”在政黨政策上奉行中間階級(jí)化路線；在經(jīng)濟(jì)政策上主張公私兼顧、主張充分發(fā)揮市場作用,反對(duì)過分管制；在福利政策上主張沒有義務(wù)就沒有權(quán)利,用積極福利替代消極福利�！暗谌龡l道路”名義上標(biāo)榜超越左右之爭,但實(shí)質(zhì)上是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)民主社會(huì)主義的背離和向新自由主義的靠攏。通過“第三條道路”改革,歐洲社會(huì)民主主義完成了歷史上的第三次轉(zhuǎn)型,即徹底拋棄了社會(huì)主義,蛻變?yōu)橘Y產(chǎn)階級(jí)的社會(huì)民主主義運(yùn)動(dòng)。 第三章主要論述二十一世紀(jì)初的社會(huì)民主主義現(xiàn)狀,并對(duì)未來發(fā)展趨勢做了展望。在二十一世紀(jì)初的大選中,社會(huì)黨紛紛落選,社會(huì)民主主義重歸頹勢。2007年爆發(fā)的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)對(duì)社會(huì)黨造成了巨大沖擊。社會(huì)黨幾乎丟掉了危機(jī)爆發(fā)后的國內(nèi)選舉和歐洲議會(huì)選舉。這預(yù)示著在未來相當(dāng)長一段時(shí)期內(nèi),社會(huì)黨趨于右化、弱化、分化趨勢已經(jīng)不可避免。 第四章主要論述了社會(huì)民主主義的教訓(xùn)以及對(duì)中國共產(chǎn)黨的啟示。社會(huì)黨在過去一百多年的時(shí)間里,并沒有使資本主義和平長入社會(huì)主義,反倒蛻變成為資本主義制度的擁躉者。這個(gè)教訓(xùn)對(duì)于世界社會(huì)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)而言是極為慘痛的。中國共產(chǎn)黨應(yīng)當(dāng)汲取社會(huì)黨思想多元化、階級(jí)中間化等諸多方面教訓(xùn),永葆馬克思主義工人黨的革命本色。同時(shí),社會(huì)黨在國有化、計(jì)劃化、勞資共決制、社會(huì)福利制度等方面的某些具體做法,對(duì)建設(shè)有中國特色社會(huì)主義具有一定啟示意義。
[Abstract]:Under the double impact of Neo liberalism and economic globalization, democratic socialism has been in a difficult position since the 70s of last century. In order to reverse the decline, the socialists of Europe chose a "Third Road" which is different from the traditional democratic socialism and different from the new liberalism. The reform of the "third Road" is true. Quality is the Socialist Party's deviation from the traditional democratic socialism and the convergence of the new liberalism. The European democratic socialist movement has evolved into a global economic crisis since the.2007 year of the social democratic movement, which has exacerbated the social decline. It is foreseeable that the European Socialist Party is right, weakened, and divided for a long time in the future. The trend is hard to avoid.
The first chapter mainly discusses the historical background of the generation of contemporary social democracy. After the Second World War, the new technological revolution promoted the transformation of the industrial structure of the developed capitalism in Europe. The proportion of the first and second industries in the national economy was declining, the third industry developed rapidly. The changes in the industrial structure led to the social class structure. The number of the working class and the peasantry was sharply reduced, the number of the middle classes increased rapidly. The new technological revolution also provided the material basis and technical guarantee for the economic globalization. Since the 70s of last century, the economic globalization has shown an obvious acceleration. In the context of the new technological revolution and the economic globalization, the new liberalism has gradually taken place. In the last century, the drastic change of Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in 90s aggravated the crisis of democratic socialism.
The second chapter mainly discusses the origin of the reform of the "Third Road", the basic policy, the different models and the essence of the "Third Road". Under the double blow of the new liberalism and the upheaval of the Soviet Union, the socialist party failed in the general election. In order to get rid of the dilemma, the British Labour Party led the "Third Road" under the leadership of Blair. Since then, it won the general election in Britain. Since then, Schroder, France and Jospin, Germany, have launched the "third roads" in their own version. "Third roads" pursue the middle class line in the political party policy; in the economic policy, it advocates public and private consideration, advocates the full play of the market role, and against excessive regulation; in the welfare policy. The proposition that there is no obligation and no right to use positive welfare to replace negative welfare. The "Third Road" on the nominal list goes beyond the right and left disputes, but in essence it is the deviation from the traditional democratic socialism and to the new liberalism. Through the "Third Road" reform, the European society has completed the third transformation of history. That is to say, completely abandoning socialism and transforming it into a bourgeois social democratic movement.
The third chapter mainly discusses the status of social democracy in the early twenty-first Century, and looks forward to the future development trend. In the early twenty-first Century general election, the socialist party was in succession, and the global economic crisis that broke out in the.2007 year of the social democratic reunification caused great impact on the Socialist Party. The socialist party almost lost the outbreak of the crisis. The national elections and the European Parliament elections indicate that in the long term, the socialist party tends to be right-wing and weakening, and the trend of differentiation is inevitable.
The fourth chapter mainly discusses the lessons of social democracy and the enlightenment to the Communist Party of China. In the past more than 100 years, the socialist party has not made the capitalist peace into socialism, but has transformed into a capitalist system. This lesson is extremely painful for the world socialist movement. The Communist Party should draw lessons from the socialist ideological pluralism, class intermediation and many other aspects and keep the revolutionary original color of the Marx's Labour Party. At the same time, the socialist party has certain specific practices in the aspects of nationalization, planning, labor and capital system, social welfare system and so on, which have some enlightenment to the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D091.6

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