本文選題：道統(tǒng) + 政統(tǒng)��； 參考：《現(xiàn)代哲學(xué)》2017年02期

【摘要】：德、位乖離是先秦儒家政治哲學(xué)必須面對的問題,也是理解孟子道統(tǒng)論的切入點。面對德與位的現(xiàn)實矛盾,孟子相較于孔子表現(xiàn)出更多的妥協(xié),其表現(xiàn)就是以“仁政”代替孔子的“德治”主張,在承認(rèn)道統(tǒng)與政統(tǒng)背離的現(xiàn)實無法改變的狀況下,希望政統(tǒng)接受道統(tǒng)的裁制與指導(dǎo)。然而這就必須提高道統(tǒng)的地位,確立其獨立性與至上性。孟子采取的方法是構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)化的道統(tǒng)理論,這種構(gòu)建通過兩個途徑來實現(xiàn):其一,通過以孔子之道對政治的指導(dǎo)性價值代替實然的歷史功業(yè),彌合孔子有德無位與上古圣王德位雙全的差異,將孔子確立為傳道之圣人,以確定道統(tǒng)相對于政統(tǒng)的獨立性;其二,以道統(tǒng)傳承的嚴(yán)整的時間形式,表明道統(tǒng)具有天命性質(zhì),以確定其至上性。
[Abstract]:Virtue and good departure are not only the problems that Confucian political philosophy must face before Qin Dynasty, but also the breakthrough point to understand Mencius' doctrine of Taoism. In the face of the realistic contradiction between morality and position, Mencius showed more compromises than Confucius, whose expression was to replace Confucius'"rule of virtue" with "benevolent government", while acknowledging that the reality of the deviation between Taoism and political unity could not be changed. It is hoped that the government will accept the ruling system and guidance of Taoism. However, it is necessary to improve the status of Taoism and establish its independence and supremacy. Mencius adopted the method of constructing a systematic theory of Taoism, which was realized through two ways: first, by replacing the actual historical achievements with the guiding value of Confucius' way to politics. Bridging the difference between Confucius' having morality and no position and ancient Saint Wang De's position, Confucius was established as a preaching saint in order to determine the independence of the Taoist system relative to the administrative system; secondly, the strict time form of the inheritance of the Taoist system showed that the Taoist system had the nature of destiny. To determine its supremacy.

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