本文選題：20世紀(jì) + 90年代��； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)是人類(lèi)社會(huì)發(fā)展中一個(gè)重要的時(shí)代,這種重要性不僅體現(xiàn)在經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展,也體現(xiàn)在科學(xué)技術(shù)的快速進(jìn)步。然而經(jīng)濟(jì)和科技的進(jìn)步在給人們帶來(lái)舒適、方便、快捷生活的同時(shí),也帶來(lái)了關(guān)系到人類(lèi)生存的生態(tài)問(wèn)題。西方理論界對(duì)于生態(tài)的研究趨于成熟,中國(guó)目前進(jìn)行的現(xiàn)代化建設(shè),盡管給人們的生活帶來(lái)巨大的成果,但也無(wú)法回避環(huán)境惡化的問(wèn)題。中國(guó)的學(xué)者們?cè)谶M(jìn)行國(guó)內(nèi)生態(tài)思考時(shí),應(yīng)該吸收西方環(huán)境思想的合理成分,本文以此為目的研究20世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái)的生態(tài)社會(huì)主義思想,具有重大的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文采用了文本解讀、過(guò)程研究和比較研究相結(jié)合的方式,對(duì)20世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái)的生態(tài)社會(huì)主義資料首次進(jìn)行了整理、比較和分析。 首先,整體把握生態(tài)社會(huì)主義思潮的產(chǎn)生背景和發(fā)展過(guò)程,其中對(duì)20世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái)的人物和表象特征做了詳細(xì)介紹和總結(jié),人物主要以佩珀、奧康納、福斯特、薩卡等學(xué)者為主,表象特征包括五個(gè)方面：反思蘇聯(lián)的生態(tài)教訓(xùn)；提出生態(tài)帝國(guó)主義新理論；提出更成熟務(wù)實(shí)的理論；對(duì)馬克思思想的重新認(rèn)識(shí)；堅(jiān)持現(xiàn)代人類(lèi)中心主義立場(chǎng)。 其次,在哲學(xué)認(rèn)知層面上,20世紀(jì)90年代的生態(tài)社會(huì)主義思潮經(jīng)歷了從生態(tài)中心主義向現(xiàn)代人類(lèi)中心主義的轉(zhuǎn)化,其關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題在于尋找生態(tài)危機(jī)的價(jià)值根源：是什么導(dǎo)致了人與自然關(guān)系的斷裂?現(xiàn)代人類(lèi)中心主義在不斷反思中得以重新構(gòu)建自己的體系,開(kāi)始關(guān)注人與自然的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,力證人在維護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境方面的重要性和不可替代性。 再次,在對(duì)生態(tài)危機(jī)的根源認(rèn)知和批判角度層面上,20世紀(jì)90年代的生態(tài)社會(huì)主義思潮有了更深刻地解讀,一方面,反對(duì)把科學(xué)技術(shù)和現(xiàn)代化作為生態(tài)危機(jī)的根源,強(qiáng)調(diào)并論證了資本主義生產(chǎn)方式才是生態(tài)危機(jī)的根源；另一方面,強(qiáng)調(diào)社會(huì)的發(fā)展應(yīng)該是以個(gè)人的自由發(fā)展和非定量的社會(huì)文化發(fā)展為準(zhǔn)則,從而走向一個(gè)物質(zhì)上節(jié)儉、生態(tài)上持續(xù)、精神上自由的社會(huì)。 最后,在社會(huì)變革層面,生態(tài)社會(huì)主義對(duì)于解決生態(tài)危機(jī)的方案大體有激進(jìn)和改良兩種,20世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái)的生態(tài)社會(huì)主義者傾向于對(duì)生態(tài)運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行馬克思主義改造,尋找一種可行性更強(qiáng)的“雙贏”方案：“紅綠聯(lián)盟”。 總的來(lái)說(shuō),20世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái)的生態(tài)社會(huì)主義思想存在著一定的合理成分,在論文最后對(duì)其進(jìn)行了客觀(guān)的評(píng)價(jià),并探討了生態(tài)社會(huì)主義思潮對(duì)于建設(shè)有中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的啟示。
[Abstract]:The 20th century is an important era in the development of human society, which is not only reflected in the rapid development of economy, but also in the rapid progress of science and technology. However, the progress of economy and technology not only brings people comfortable, convenient and quick life, but also brings about ecological problems related to human survival. The study of ecology in the western theorists tends to mature. Although the modernization construction in China has brought great achievements to people's lives, it can not avoid the problem of environmental deterioration. Chinese scholars should absorb the rational elements of western environmental thoughts when they think about ecology in China. This paper aims at studying the ecological socialism thought since 1990s, which has great theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, the data of ecological socialism since the 1990s are sorted, compared and analyzed for the first time in the way of text interpretation, process study and comparative study. First of all, we should grasp the background and development process of the trend of thought of ecological socialism as a whole. Among them, we have made a detailed introduction and summary of the characters and appearances since the 1990s. The main characters are Pepper, O'Connor, Foster. Some scholars, such as Saca, mainly have five aspects: reflecting on the ecological lessons of the Soviet Union; putting forward new theories of ecological imperialism; putting forward more mature and pragmatic theories; reunderstanding of Marx's thought; and adhering to the position of modern anthropocentrism. Secondly, on the level of philosophical cognition, the trend of thought of ecological socialism in the 1990s has undergone a transformation from ecocentrism to modern anthropocentrism. The key question is to find the value root of the ecological crisis: what caused the rupture of the relationship between man and nature? Modern anthropocentrism has been able to reconstruct its own system through continuous reflection, and has begun to pay attention to the sustainable development of man and nature, and to demonstrate the importance and irreplaceable importance of human beings in maintaining the ecological environment. Thirdly, from the perspective of understanding and criticizing the origin of the ecological crisis, the trend of thought of ecological socialism in the 1990s has been interpreted more deeply. On the one hand, it opposes taking science and technology and modernization as the root of the ecological crisis. Emphasizing and demonstrating that the capitalist mode of production is the root of the ecological crisis; on the other hand, emphasizing that the development of society should be guided by the free development of the individual and the development of non-quantitative social culture, thus moving towards a material frugality, An ecologically sustainable, spiritually free society. Finally, at the level of social change, the ecological socialism has two kinds of radical and improved ecological socialism since the 1990s, which tend to carry on the Marxist transformation to the ecological movement, in general, the ecological socialism to solve the ecological crisis has two kinds of radical and the improvement to carry on the Marxism transformation to the ecological movement. Looking for a more feasible "win-win" solution: the "Red and Green Alliance." Generally speaking, there are some reasonable elements in the thought of ecological socialism since the 1990s. At the end of the paper, the author makes an objective evaluation of the thought of ecological socialism and probes into the enlightenment of the trend of thought of ecological socialism for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X2;D091.6

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