本文選題：家長制 + 歷史因素��； 參考：《華僑大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：家長制作為中國封建統(tǒng)治制度根植于中國人的思想中，沒有隨著封建時代的終結(jié)而消失。自改革開放以來，我國在經(jīng)濟上取得巨大成就的同時，政治改革卻相對滯后，政治上殘留的封建家長制度是影響政治改革的重要原因。要想找到家長制的破解方法，就要從歷史上弄清它的思想實質(zhì)和形成發(fā)展脈絡。 家長制形成于夏朝，在秦漢以后的中央集權(quán)專制下得到強化。幾千的封建專制使中國人在思想上承認了被統(tǒng)治、被支配的事實。配套的制度捆綁更強化了對家長的絕對權(quán)力。直至19世紀末，近代思想家開始對封建家長制猛烈批評，形成了近代啟蒙思潮。但是近代啟蒙思想家并沒有使中國人徹底擺脫家長的的牢籠去實現(xiàn)政治轉(zhuǎn)型。相反,中國半封建半殖民地的社會性質(zhì)沒有發(fā)生根本改變，家長制觀念仍存留在領導人的頭腦中。甚至在共產(chǎn)黨執(zhí)政早期，一些黨和國家領導人仍抱有家長制思想。從現(xiàn)實角度來看，家長制的殘留不能排除外部因素--斯大林模式對中國的影響。由于新中國建立要模尋求蘇聯(lián)幫助，，所以也不可避免的要模仿斯大林模式政治上的過度集權(quán)、個人崇拜盛行和對意識形態(tài)的控制等家長制作風。內(nèi)外部歷史因素的綜合影響和現(xiàn)實先經(jīng)后政、先易后難的改革戰(zhàn)略，使得家長制作風愈加嚴重。 從當今層出不斷出現(xiàn)的社會事件可以看出，家長制已經(jīng)成為了亟待解決的現(xiàn)實問題。破解家長制要從制度建設和思想建設兩方面入手。制度建設上要著力解決權(quán)力授予不合理問題、現(xiàn)行權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)中的黨政不分、責權(quán)不明的問題、監(jiān)督不到位等問題。思想建設上要以馬克思主義理論為指導，明確人民是國家的主人，人民利益高于一切的道理。學習現(xiàn)代政治理論加強黨風建設，增強官員的公仆意識。
[Abstract]:Patriarchal system, as a system of Chinese feudal rule, was rooted in Chinese thought and did not disappear with the end of feudalism. Since the reform and opening to the outside world, our country has made great achievements in economy, but the political reform has lagged behind. The feudal patriarchal system remains in politics is the important reason to influence the political reform. If we want to find the way to break the patriarchal system, we must make clear the essence of its thought and form the development thread from the history. Patriarchal system was formed in the Xia Dynasty and strengthened under the centralized autocracy after the Qin and Han dynasties. Thousands of feudal autocracy led the Chinese to acknowledge the fact that they were ruled and dominated. The binding of the supporting system strengthens the absolute power to the parents. Until the end of the 19 th century, modern thinkers began to criticize feudal patriarchal system and formed modern enlightenment thoughts. But the modern enlightenment thinkers did not completely free the Chinese from their parents' cages to realize the political transformation. On the contrary, the social nature of semi-feudal and semi-colonial China has not changed fundamentally, and the concept of patriarchal system remains in the minds of leaders. Even in the early days of the Communist Party, some party and state leaders still held patriarchal ideas. From a realistic point of view, the residue of patriarchal system cannot exclude the influence of Stalin model on China. Since the founding of New China sought Soviet help, it was inevitable to imitate the patriarchal style of Stalin's model of excessive political centralization, the prevalence of personality cult and the control of ideology. The comprehensive influence of internal and external historical factors and the reform strategy of "first through politics, first easy after difficult" makes the patriarchal style more serious. From the emerging social events, we can see that patriarchal system has become a practical problem to be solved. To break through the patriarchal system, we should start from the two aspects of system construction and ideological construction. In the construction of the system, we should focus on solving the unreasonable problems of the delegation of power, the lack of separation between the party and government in the current power structure, the problem of unclear responsibility and power, and the lack of supervision, and so on. Ideological construction should be guided by Marxist theory and make it clear that the people are the masters of the country and the interests of the people are above all. Study the modern political theory to strengthen the party style construction, enhance the public servant consciousness of the official.
【學位授予單位】：華僑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D092

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