本文選題：顧維鈞 + 廢約�。� 參考：《湖南師范大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 顧維鈞是現(xiàn)代中國著名的外交家,也是世界著名的政治活動家之一。他早年留學美國,在哥倫比亞大學主修國際法和外交學,1912年回國任袁世凱英文秘書和外交部主事。1915年,顧維鈞被派駐為墨西哥公使,開始了他擔任駐外公使的生涯。顧維鈞在處理各種外交事務時,始終以對外大局為重,周旋有方,長立政壇,不僅為國內(nèi)公眾所推崇,更為國際外交界所欽佩。 1842年《南京條約》的簽訂,標志著中國開始淪為半殖民地半封建社會,從此進入不平等條約時代。不平等條約的存在,嚴重束縛了中國的發(fā)展,但是卻為列強的發(fā)展帶來了契機。而列強在初步嘗到了不平等條約的甜頭之后,不斷的將一個個不平等條約強加給中國,在政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、軍事等方面攫取了對中國進行統(tǒng)治和管理的各種特權(quán),并在一定程度上取代了中國政府的統(tǒng)治。不平等條約就像是一張巨大的網(wǎng),嚴重阻礙中國社會進步和發(fā)展,這是近代半殖民地半封建特殊社會形態(tài)的典型特征,同時也是中國遭受資本主義世界壓迫和掠奪的象征。 民國初年,中國延續(xù)了數(shù)千年的帝制走到了盡頭,開創(chuàng)了全新的共和制度,無論是在內(nèi)政還是外交都出現(xiàn)了劃時代的轉(zhuǎn)折意義。在此時投身于中國外交事業(yè)的顧維鈞積極致力于不平等條約的廢除,以提高中國的國際地位。 顧維鈞對中國的外交事業(yè)做出了突出的貢獻,而他在外交生涯中,一直以廢除不平等條約、提高中國的國際地位為自己的奮斗目標,所以廢約在他的外交活動中占有很大的比重。本文以顧維鈞的廢約活動為切入點來探究他的廢約思想,共分為四個部分： 第一部分：講述顧維鈞對不平等條約的認識。首先是認識的基礎(chǔ),接下來介紹顧維鈞對不平等條約的認識、對主要條約特權(quán)的認識、對不平等條約危害的認識。 第二部分：敘述顧維鈞在廢約過程中的堅持的基本目標和立場。其中基本目標又分為總體目標和不同時期的廢約主張,而立場則是堅決維護國家主權(quán)。 第三部分：闡明了顧維鈞在廢約過程中采用的主要策略和手段。即運用國際法的規(guī)則、利用情勢變遷原則、爭取美國的支持、從小國入手打開缺口、對不同的國家區(qū)別對待、靈活性與原則性相結(jié)合、從現(xiàn)實出發(fā)以及善于妥協(xié)、有進有退。 第四部分：結(jié)語。主要論述顧維鈞廢約的歷史功績、局限以及給后人的啟示。
[Abstract]:Gu Weijun is a famous diplomat in modern China and one of the world famous political activists. He studied in the United States in the early years, majored in international law and diplomacy at Columbia University, and returned to China in 1912 to serve as English Secretary and head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Yuan Shikai. In 1915, Gu Weijun was stationed as minister of Mexico and began his career as a foreign minister. In handling all kinds of foreign affairs, Gu Weijun always attached great importance to the overall situation of the foreign countries.He was well-willed and established in the political arena, which was not only respected by the domestic public, but also admired by the international diplomatic community. The signing of the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842 marked the beginning of China becoming a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society and entered the era of unequal treaties. The existence of unequal treaties has seriously restricted the development of China, but it has brought opportunities for the development of the powers. After initially tasting the benefits of unequal treaties, the great powers constantly imposed unequal treaties on China, seizing various privileges in political, economic, cultural, military and other aspects to govern and manage China. And to some extent replaced the rule of the Chinese government. Unequal treaties are like a huge net, which seriously hinders the progress and development of Chinese society, which is a typical feature of the special social formation of modern semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and also a symbol of China being oppressed and plundered by the capitalist world. In the early years of the Republic of China, the monarchy, which lasted for thousands of years, came to an end and created a new Republican system, which had epoch-making significance in both domestic and foreign affairs. Gu Weijun, who devoted himself to China's diplomacy at this time, was actively committed to the abolition of unequal treaties in order to enhance China's international status. Gu Weijun has made outstanding contributions to China's diplomatic cause. In his diplomatic career, he has always made the abolition of unequal treaties and the enhancement of China's international status his goal. Therefore, the abolition of the treaty in his diplomatic activities accounted for a large proportion. This article takes Gu Weijun's abrogation activity as the starting point to probe into his idea of abrogation, which is divided into four parts: The first part is about Gu Weijun's understanding of unequal treaties. First is the basis of understanding, then introduces Gu Weijun's understanding of unequal treaties, his understanding of major treaty privileges, and his understanding of the harm of unequal treaties. The second part: narrates Gu Weijun's basic goal and position in the process of abrogation. The basic goal is divided into the general goal and the abrogation proposition in different periods, and the position is to safeguard the state sovereignty. The third part: expound Gu Weijun's main tactics and means in the process of abrogation. That is, applying the rules of international law, using the principle of situation change, winning the support of the United States, opening the gap from small countries, treating different countries differently, combining flexibility with principle, proceeding from reality and being good at compromise, there are advances and retreats. Part four: conclusion. This paper mainly discusses Gu Weijun's historical achievements, limitations and enlightenment to future generations.
【學位授予單位】：湖南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D092

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本文編號：1787556