本文選題：孔子 + 柏拉圖�。� 參考：《湖南大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： “和諧社會(huì)”是人類自古以來(lái)的永恒追求。以孔子為代表的先秦儒家構(gòu)想的“大同世界”代表了中國(guó)古代追求和諧社會(huì)的最高境界。古希臘時(shí)期的柏拉圖提出的“理想國(guó)”是集合了政治學(xué)、倫理學(xué)、本體論和認(rèn)識(shí)論于一體,為后人展現(xiàn)了一副超越現(xiàn)實(shí)國(guó)度的彼岸世界藍(lán)圖。由于生活環(huán)境、理論背景和思維方式的不同,這兩種“和諧社會(huì)”在構(gòu)建思路和表現(xiàn)形式上不盡相同。把它們放在一起進(jìn)行某種比較,通過(guò)彼此的對(duì)照,有利于我們重新認(rèn)識(shí)“大同世界”和“理想國(guó)”本身所蘊(yùn)含的價(jià)值理念,并從中獲得重要的借鑒意義和啟示。 在“大同世界”構(gòu)想中,孔子以某種“自然秩序”作為人類社會(huì)秩序創(chuàng)建的倫理范式和標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以“仁愛(ài)”為原則,通過(guò)人與人之間的彼此感化和包容建立起一個(gè)關(guān)愛(ài)彼此的和諧世界。柏拉圖的“理想國(guó)”則是在“善”的理念的規(guī)定下,以“理性秩序”為理想范本、以“正義”為基本原則,通過(guò)社會(huì)公民的不相互僭越、各自擔(dān)當(dāng)自己的責(zé)任、發(fā)揮自己的作用、保持自己的德性而建立起來(lái)。這兩種社會(huì)理想的構(gòu)建思路不同,他們以不同的方式、從不同的維度各自揭示了社會(huì)某一方面的內(nèi)在秩序及其之所以和諧的根本原因。 孔子與柏拉圖不僅闡述了構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)的原則和方式,還積極致力于探尋和諧社會(huì)的實(shí)踐方案,試圖提出使社會(huì)秩序呈現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定和諧的具體政策方法。他們對(duì)于構(gòu)建理想社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)主張、治國(guó)方略、施教原則以及政體設(shè)計(jì)等一系列問(wèn)題的提出和思考,充分說(shuō)明了和諧社會(huì)理想不僅僅是一種只提出嚴(yán)格論證的哲學(xué)概念,更是一種能積極地影響人們生活的倫理指導(dǎo)。 不可否認(rèn)的是,不論是孔子的“大同世界”還是柏拉圖的“理想國(guó)”,反映的都是哲人對(duì)于超越現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的期盼；都試圖用一種超驗(yàn)的規(guī)范來(lái)衡量和批判現(xiàn)實(shí)世界。這種做法不可避免地在具體操作層面上遠(yuǎn)離了人的生存境遇,最終成為無(wú)法走進(jìn)的海市蜃樓。 然而,我們卻無(wú)法忽視孔子與柏拉圖和諧社會(huì)理想所散放出來(lái)的思想光芒。“大同世界”和“理想國(guó)”都充分展示出哲人對(duì)于至善真理的孜孜追求。他們提出的這樣一種理論“范式”,其本身對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)就具有指導(dǎo)意義�？鬃优c柏拉圖或因重人的自然性和情感性,或因重人的超自然性和理性,都真正依據(jù)人類某一方面的本性揭示出了社會(huì)和諧的某一方面的本質(zhì)要求。這為我們揭開(kāi)了一個(gè)重要的啟示：構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)離不開(kāi)情感和理性這兩個(gè)方面的道德原則,和諧社會(huì)既需要內(nèi)在秩序的公正也需要外在開(kāi)放的包容。
[Abstract]:Harmonious society "is the eternal pursuit of mankind since ancient times."The idea of "Great Harmony World", represented by Confucius, represented the supreme state of the pursuit of a harmonious society in ancient China.Plato in ancient Greece put forward "the Republic" is a collection of politics, ethics, ontology and epistemology in one, for future generations to show a beyond the reality of the world blueprint.Due to the difference of living environment, theoretical background and mode of thinking, the two "harmonious societies" are different in their ideas and forms of expression.By comparing them together and comparing them with each other, it is helpful for us to re-understand the value concepts contained in "the Great World" and "the Republic" itself, and to gain important reference and enlightenment from them.In the conception of "Great Harmony World", Confucius took some kind of "natural order" as the ethical paradigm and standard for the creation of human social order, and took "benevolence" as the principle.Build a harmonious world of caring for each other through mutual influence and tolerance between people.Plato's "Republic" is under the "good" concept, "rational order" as the ideal model, "justice" as the basic principle, through the social citizens do not cross each other, each bear their own responsibilities.Develop one's own role, maintain one's virtue and build up.These two kinds of social ideals have different ideas of construction. They reveal the internal order of a certain aspect of the society and the fundamental reason of its harmony in different ways and from different dimensions.Confucius and Plato not only expounded the principles and methods of constructing a harmonious society, but also actively devoted themselves to exploring the practical scheme of a harmonious society, and tried to put forward concrete policy methods to make the social order appear stable and harmonious.They put forward and pondered a series of problems, such as the economic proposition of constructing ideal society, the general plan of governing the country, the principle of teaching and the design of polity, which fully explained that the ideal of harmonious society is not only a philosophical concept that only puts forward strict argumentation.It is also an ethical guidance that can positively influence people's lives.It is undeniable that both Confucius'"Great Harmony World" and Plato's "Republic" reflect the philosophers' expectations for transcending real life and try to measure and criticize the real world with a transcendental norm.This kind of practice inevitably moves away from the human existence condition in the concrete operation level, finally becomes the mirage which cannot enter.However, we can not ignore the scattered thoughts of Confucius and Plato's ideal of harmonious society.Both Datong World and the Republic fully demonstrate the philosophers' assiduous pursuit of the supreme truth.They put forward such a theoretical "paradigm", which itself has guiding significance to reality.Confucius and Plato, either because of the emphasis on human nature and emotion, or because of the emphasis on human nature and reason, have really revealed the essential requirements of a certain aspect of social harmony according to the nature of a certain aspect of human beings.This reveals an important revelation for us: the construction of a harmonious society can not be separated from the two aspects of the moral principles of emotion and rationality, and the harmonious society needs both the justice of internal order and the tolerance of external openness.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D09

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 劉輝;和諧視角下孔子教育公平思想及其當(dāng)代價(jià)值[D];山東財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1761981