本文選題：政治聯(lián)系　切入點(diǎn)：企業(yè)績(jī)效　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：企業(yè)政治聯(lián)系問題是一個(gè)全球性現(xiàn)象,已經(jīng)受到了現(xiàn)有研究的廣泛關(guān)注。在過去幾十年里,企業(yè)政治行為一直是國(guó)內(nèi)外管理學(xué)領(lǐng)域一個(gè)重要的研究課題,以往的文獻(xiàn)采用理論與實(shí)證相結(jié)合的方法已經(jīng)形成了較為豐富的研究成果。企業(yè)與政府官員的聯(lián)系無疑將為企業(yè)帶來很多利益,例如獲得銀行貸款或政府補(bǔ)貼、突破行業(yè)政策管制以及帶來企業(yè)銷售額與凈利潤(rùn)的增長(zhǎng)。企業(yè)政治聯(lián)系的這種作用在轉(zhuǎn)型經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境中表現(xiàn)得尤為突出。在這些轉(zhuǎn)型經(jīng)濟(jì)國(guó)家(如中國(guó)、東南亞、印度尼西亞和馬來西亞等),包括法律、法規(guī)在內(nèi)的正式制度約束比較薄弱,特別是市場(chǎng)機(jī)制和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施并不完善或很難執(zhí)行。這給企業(yè)帶來了很多不確定性,為了應(yīng)對(duì)這種不確定性,企業(yè)必須依賴非正式制度,例如與政府官員的關(guān)系來開展商業(yè)交易,這種非正式制度可以作為正式制度支持的替代,以及在動(dòng)蕩的環(huán)境中獲取資源的途徑。例如,當(dāng)缺乏有效的生產(chǎn)要素交易制度環(huán)境時(shí),企業(yè)與政府官員的密切聯(lián)系可以幫助企業(yè)獲取土地、資本等稀缺資源,也可以幫助企業(yè)通過游說政府等方式(如提高行業(yè)進(jìn)入壁壘)保護(hù)企業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。中國(guó)的制度變革還很不完善,正式的制度,如法律和法規(guī)等框架還很薄弱,因此,非正式制度在塑造企業(yè)行為方面發(fā)揮著重大作用。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),管理者采取廣泛的非正式制度安排,其中和政府官員建立政治聯(lián)系是最受歡迎和最有效的方法。通過這些政治聯(lián)系,企業(yè)可以大量地減少不確定性,降低制度性成本,并提高配置企業(yè)其他資源的速度和效率。目前的大多數(shù)研究都注重政治聯(lián)系的這種工具性利益,包括獲得銀行貸款或政府補(bǔ)貼、突破行業(yè)政策管制以及帶來企業(yè)銷售額與凈利潤(rùn)的增長(zhǎng)等。但是,企業(yè)對(duì)于政治聯(lián)系的使用是否純粹出于個(gè)人利益動(dòng)機(jī)?綜合對(duì)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的回顧,發(fā)現(xiàn)以往研究過于注重企業(yè)追求政治聯(lián)系的工具性動(dòng)機(jī),并沒有深刻揭示出儒家文化背景下企業(yè)追求政治聯(lián)系的獨(dú)特機(jī)制。本文認(rèn)為企業(yè)追求政治聯(lián)系的動(dòng)機(jī)是雙重的：工具性(proself)動(dòng)機(jī)與親社會(huì)性(prosocial)動(dòng)機(jī),從而這兩種動(dòng)機(jī)所帶來的行為也是雙重的：工具性行為與親社會(huì)性行為。因此,本文結(jié)合我國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)型經(jīng)濟(jì)下的特殊制度背景,提出了政治聯(lián)系與企業(yè)績(jī)效的工具性行為和親社會(huì)性行為兩種路徑。采用我國(guó)江蘇、安徽和山東三省363家企業(yè)的問卷調(diào)研樣本數(shù)據(jù),使用第一階段有調(diào)節(jié)的中介效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)。文章從政治聯(lián)系影響企業(yè)績(jī)效的兩個(gè)中介機(jī)制出發(fā),通過對(duì)已有的研究文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行梳理,闡述了相關(guān)構(gòu)念的概念定義、度量方法、樣本選擇及主要結(jié)論。研究結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了我們的假設(shè),表明我國(guó)企業(yè)政治聯(lián)系的使用并非純粹是追求個(gè)人利益,而且是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)公眾利益。工具性行為和親社會(huì)性行為這兩種機(jī)制都很重要。此外,本文還增加了制度、市場(chǎng)、企業(yè)三個(gè)層面的情境效應(yīng),不僅僅考慮了企業(yè)的內(nèi)部影響因素,還考慮了企業(yè)所處的市場(chǎng)、制度環(huán)境等外部因素的作用�？紤]到這三個(gè)層面的情境效應(yīng),這兩種行為機(jī)制存在結(jié)構(gòu)性(moderator within)差異與內(nèi)容(moderator between)差異。在三個(gè)情境效應(yīng)中,政治聯(lián)系的工具性行為機(jī)制對(duì)于制度環(huán)境變化最為敏感,相對(duì)比而言,親社會(huì)行為機(jī)制對(duì)于市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不確定性變化更為敏感。說明完善的制度環(huán)境可以消除企業(yè)的投機(jī)現(xiàn)象,但市場(chǎng)的激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)并沒有使企業(yè)僅僅追求個(gè)人的利益。本文的研究結(jié)論可以使我國(guó)企業(yè)以及社會(huì)各屆對(duì)企業(yè)政治聯(lián)系和行為具有更加清醒、全面的理解和認(rèn)識(shí)。
[Abstract]:Enterprise political connection is a global phenomenon, has received widespread attention in the existing research. In the past few decades, corporate political behavior at home and abroad has been the field of management is an important research topic, previous methods of literature combines theory and empirical has formed abundant achievements. With the enterprise government officials linked enterprises will bring many benefits, such as access to bank loans or government subsidies, industry regulation and policy breakthrough brings the enterprise sales and net profit growth. The role of enterprise political connection is especially prominent in the transitional economic environment. In the transition economies (such as Chinese, Southeast Asia, Indonesia and Malaysia etc.), including legal regulations, formal institutional constraints, is relatively weak, especially the market mechanism and the infrastructure is not perfect or difficult Execution. This has caused a lot of uncertainty to the enterprise, in order to deal with the uncertainty, the enterprise must rely on the informal system, to carry out business transactions such as relations with government officials to replace this informal system can be used as a formal system support, and access to resources in the turbulent environment. For example, when the lack of elements of production trading system effective environment, close contact with enterprises and government officials can help enterprises to acquire land, capital and other scarce resources, can also help companies to lobby the government means (such as to improve the industry barriers to entry) to protect the competitive advantage of the enterprise. China system reform is not perfect, a formal system, such as the framework of laws and regulations is still very weak, therefore, the informal institution plays an important role in shaping the behavior of enterprises. The study found that managers take the informal system wide arrangements The establishment of political relations, and government officials is the most popular and effective. Through these political connections, enterprises can greatly reduce uncertainty, reduce the system cost, and improve the allocation of enterprise resources speed and efficiency. Most of the current researches are focus on political ties this tool of interest, including bank loans or government subsidies, industry regulation and policy breakthrough brings the enterprise sales and net profit growth. However, enterprises for the use of political connections is purely personal interests? Comprehensive review of the related literature, found that previous studies focus too much on the motivation tool enterprises to pursue political ties, and not profoundly reveals the enterprise the Confucian culture under the background of the pursuit of the unique mechanism of political connections. The author believes that the pursuit of political connection of motivation is twofold: (proself) pneumatic tool Machine and prosocial motivation (prosocial), and these two kinds of motivation caused by the behavior is twofold: instrumental behavior and prosocial behavior. Therefore, combining with the special system under the background of economic transformation in China, put forward the political connections and corporate performance tools for pro social behavior two China's Jiangsu path. By questionnaire survey, sample data of Anhui and Shandong provinces of 363 enterprises, using the first stage intermediary effect model to adjust the empirical test. The influence of political connection enterprise performance two intermediary mechanism, through combing the existing research literature, expounds the definition of the concept, related constructs the measurement method of sample selection and the main conclusions. The results confirmed our hypothesis, indicates that China's enterprises use political connections is not simply the pursuit of personal interests, and in order to achieve the public Public interests. These two kinds of mechanism of instrumental behavior and prosocial behavior are very important. In addition, this paper also increased the market situation, system, effects of the three levels of the enterprise, not only consider the internal factors of the enterprise, also considering the enterprise market, external factors such as the institutional environment considering the role. The effect of these three aspects of the situation, these two kinds of behavior mechanism (Moderator within) has structural differences and content (moderator between). The difference in three context effects, instrumental behavior mechanism of political connections for the institutional environment is most sensitive to the change, relatively, prosocial behavior mechanism for market competition uncertainty changes more sensitive. Perfect institutional environment can eliminate the phenomenon of speculative enterprises, but the fierce competition in the market is not only to enable enterprises to pursue personal interests. The research conclusion can make me National enterprises and social sessions have a more sober and comprehensive understanding and understanding of the political connections and behaviors of the enterprises.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D0;F270

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1 呂秀芹;我國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)型經(jīng)濟(jì)中企業(yè)政治聯(lián)系的雙重作用：一個(gè)有調(diào)節(jié)的中介模型[D];南京大學(xué);2016年

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本文編號(hào)：1728232