本文選題：十九世紀(jì)　切入點(diǎn)：歐洲民主政治　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：十九世紀(jì)中后期歐洲資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治都發(fā)展到了一個(gè)新的階段。在經(jīng)濟(jì)上,歐洲正處于自由資本主義高漲并向壟斷資本主義過渡的時(shí)期；在政治上,政黨組織和各類其他利益集團(tuán)組織興起并得到發(fā)展、普選權(quán)進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大、民主政治逐漸完善。與此同時(shí),歐洲工人運(yùn)動(dòng)也隨著資本主義的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展而走出巴黎公社失敗的陰影,再次高漲。為了方便廣大工人的聯(lián)系,恩格斯及各國(guó)工人運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)袖在與法國(guó)可能派作斗爭(zhēng)的過程中,共同建立了第二國(guó)際。第二國(guó)際不同于舊有的第一國(guó)際的形式,第二國(guó)際即是一個(gè)各國(guó)社會(huì)主義政黨聯(lián)盟的國(guó)際紐帶,也是一個(gè)各國(guó)社會(huì)主義工人政黨交流意見、發(fā)表建議的公共場(chǎng)所。但第二國(guó)際幾乎從成立之時(shí)就面臨這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)——在資本主義普選權(quán)進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大、民主政治逐漸完善、工人生活和工作環(huán)境都有所改善的情況下,工人運(yùn)動(dòng)應(yīng)該如何開展?繼續(xù)采取暴力革命的形式還是采取和平的議會(huì)斗爭(zhēng)的形式?抑或采取暴力革命和和平的議會(huì)斗爭(zhēng)相結(jié)合的形式?特別是隨著歐洲民主政治的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,議會(huì)制度的完善和普選權(quán)的更加擴(kuò)大,在當(dāng)時(shí)的歐洲甚至于第二國(guó)際組織內(nèi)部都存在著大量的“議會(huì)迷”,對(duì)國(guó)際工運(yùn)應(yīng)該采取何種方式一直爭(zhēng)論不休。這一爭(zhēng)論到十九世紀(jì)后期越演越烈,最終在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的的影響下,第二國(guó)際燃盡了他最后一滴蠟油。關(guān)于第二國(guó)際緣何破產(chǎn),國(guó)際上一直沒有一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的定論。比較統(tǒng)一的是,學(xué)者們都只從第二國(guó)際內(nèi)部：組織結(jié)構(gòu)、代表人物的主要觀點(diǎn)等來找原因。本文試圖從第二國(guó)際外部入手,從當(dāng)時(shí)第二國(guó)際發(fā)展所面臨的背景——十九世紀(jì)歐洲民主政治發(fā)展入手來剖析二者之間的關(guān)系。本文采用的主要是文獻(xiàn)研究方法,從閱讀大量文獻(xiàn)出發(fā),發(fā)現(xiàn)第二國(guó)際與歐洲十九世紀(jì)民主政治之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。第二國(guó)際的產(chǎn)生是以十九世紀(jì)歐洲民主政治發(fā)展為背景,同時(shí),十九世紀(jì)歐洲民主政治的發(fā)展也造成了第二國(guó)際的最終解散。因此,第二國(guó)際的破產(chǎn)最終還是得歸因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)實(shí),歸因?yàn)橐环N歷史發(fā)展的必然。第二國(guó)際在需要他的時(shí)候產(chǎn)生了,最終也在他不再適應(yīng)歷史發(fā)展的過程中破產(chǎn)。
[Abstract]:The European capitalist economy and politics developed to a new stage in the mid-and late 19th century.Economically, Europe is in the midst of a period of upsurge in liberal capitalism and transition to monopolistic capitalism; in politics, political parties and other interest groups have emerged and developed, and universal suffrage has been further expanded.Democratic politics is gradually improving.At the same time, the European labor movement with the further development of capitalism and out of the Paris Commune's failure, rising again.In order to facilitate the contact of the workers, Engels and the leaders of the labor movement of various countries established the second International in the course of fighting against the French possible faction.The second International is different from the old first International, which is not only the international link of a socialist political party alliance, but also a public place in which the socialist workers' political parties of all countries exchange opinions and make suggestions.But since its founding, the second International has been confronted with the fact that, with the further expansion of universal suffrage under capitalism, the gradual improvement of democratic politics, and the improvement of workers' living and working environment, how should the workers' movement be carried out?Continue to take the form of violent revolution or peaceful parliamentary struggle?Or is it in the form of a violent revolution combined with a peaceful parliamentary struggle?In particular, with the further development of democratic politics in Europe, the perfection of the parliamentary system and the expansion of universal suffrage, there were a large number of "parliamentary fans" in Europe at that time and even within the second International Organization.There has been a constant debate over how the international labor movement should take.This argument grew stronger in the late nineteenth century, and finally, under the influence of the first World War, second International burned his last drop of wax.There has been no accurate conclusion on why the second International went bankrupt.More uniformly, scholars only look at the internal structure of the second International, the main points of view of the representative figures, and so on.This paper attempts to analyze the relationship between the two from the outside of the second International and from the background of the development of the second International at that time-the development of European democratic politics in the nineteenth century.This article mainly adopts the literature research method, from reading a large number of documents, discovers the internal relation between the second international and the European 19th century democratic politics.The emergence of the second international is based on the development of European democracy in the nineteenth century, and at the same time, the development of the European democracy in the nineteenth century also resulted in the final dissolution of the second international.Therefore, the bankruptcy of the second International is attributed to reality and an inevitable historical development.Second International came into being when he was needed, and finally went bankrupt when he was no longer adapted to history.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D091.4;D14

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 黃婧;19世紀(jì)中后期西歐民族國(guó)家的建構(gòu)與第二國(guó)際的變遷[D];華中師范大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：1705561