本文選題：新自由主義　切入點(diǎn)：國(guó)際壟斷資本主義　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：從宏觀(guān)上講,自20世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái)資本主義發(fā)生了三件大事,國(guó)家壟斷資本主義向國(guó)際壟斷資本主義的過(guò)渡、經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化趨勢(shì)的加劇和全球金融危機(jī)的爆發(fā)。這三件大事都是在新自由主義實(shí)現(xiàn)歷史勃興的背景下發(fā)生的,新自由主義成為這三件大事發(fā)生的內(nèi)在促動(dòng)因素。 新自由主義的勃興及西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的新自由主義改革,促動(dòng)了國(guó)家壟斷資本主義向國(guó)際壟斷資本主義的過(guò)渡。新自由主義的核心主張是自由化、私有化和市場(chǎng)化,要求放松國(guó)家管制,減少?lài)?guó)家干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活。以新自由主義作為指導(dǎo)思想,美英等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家進(jìn)行了新自由主義改革,并借助20世紀(jì)80年代的債務(wù)危機(jī)向發(fā)展中國(guó)家輸出新自由主義,要求發(fā)展中國(guó)家開(kāi)放國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng),放松資本流動(dòng)的限制,這為壟斷資本的全球流動(dòng)創(chuàng)造了制度環(huán)境。在新自由主義向全球蔓延的背景下,國(guó)際貿(mào)易、國(guó)際直接投資迅猛發(fā)展,巨型跨國(guó)公司成為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的重要載體,金融壟斷資本成為資本運(yùn)動(dòng)的主要形態(tài)。這些新變化表明,國(guó)家壟斷資本主義已向國(guó)際壟斷資本主義的過(guò)渡。 西方主導(dǎo)的經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的本質(zhì)是資本的全球化,而資本全球化是由資本自由化所推動(dòng)的。20世紀(jì)80年代以后,在西方掀起新一輪的資本自由化浪潮,這一輪資本自由化的浪潮是以新自由主義興起為理論背景的,新自由主義所主張的反對(duì)國(guó)家干預(yù)、推行私有化、提倡經(jīng)濟(jì)自由的政策主張,有力促進(jìn)了資本自由化浪潮的興起。加之在美英等國(guó)推崇新自由主義的新保守主義政黨的上臺(tái)及其進(jìn)行的自由化改革,為資本在全球自由流動(dòng)創(chuàng)造了有利的制度環(huán)境。1990年的“華盛頓共識(shí)"出籠后,新自由主義又迅速向全球蔓延,資本全球自由流動(dòng)的障礙已被全部掃清。資本全球化運(yùn)動(dòng)由此開(kāi)始,一發(fā)不可收拾,從而使經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化趨勢(shì)越演越烈。 始于2007年的全球金融危機(jī)是資本主義在21世紀(jì)的重大事件之一。這次危機(jī)的爆發(fā),是以資本主義基本矛盾進(jìn)一步激化為核心的多種因素共同決定的結(jié)果。其中,新自由主義成為西方主流意識(shí)形態(tài)是重要因素之一。新自由主義的自由化、私有化和市場(chǎng)化的政策,為資本運(yùn)動(dòng)的擴(kuò)張性發(fā)展提供了充分的條件和廣闊的舞臺(tái),從而使資本追求剩余價(jià)值的欲望得到無(wú)限制、無(wú)約束的釋放。其重要表現(xiàn)，就是虛擬資本爆炸性增長(zhǎng)，虛擬經(jīng)濟(jì)日趨膨脹。虛擬經(jīng)濟(jì)過(guò)度膨脹顛覆了市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管模式，隱藏著重大信用危機(jī)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。當(dāng)金融衍生品在金融創(chuàng)新的旗幟下泛濫無(wú)度，與經(jīng)濟(jì)本體發(fā)生重大偏離，并在有效的市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管?chē)?yán)重缺失的時(shí)候，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就轉(zhuǎn)化為危機(jī)。 20世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái)發(fā)達(dá)資本主義國(guó)家發(fā)生的三件大事相互間有著密切的關(guān)聯(lián)，它們互為條件，相得益彰，共同展現(xiàn)了資本主義在近三十年的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r和未來(lái)走向。而連接這三件大事的內(nèi)在紅線(xiàn)正是新自由主義，換句話(huà)說(shuō)，正是新自由主義的勃興及其演變?yōu)槊绹?guó)等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的國(guó)家意識(shí)形態(tài)，成為當(dāng)代資本主義發(fā)生新變化、新發(fā)展的主要?jiǎng)右颉Ｈ欢�，，新自由主義并沒(méi)有解決資本主義的基本矛盾，更沒(méi)有改變資本主義制度的實(shí)質(zhì)，反而使資本主義面臨種種危機(jī)，這也從另一個(gè)側(cè)面證明了“兩個(gè)必然”的科學(xué)性。
[Abstract]:From a macro perspective, since 1980s three things happened to capitalism, state monopoly capitalism transition to international monopoly capitalism, exacerbated the trend of economic globalization and the global financial crisis. The three event is to achieve prosperity in the historical background of Neo liberalism, Neo liberalism has become the intrinsic motivation these three events occur.
The rise of Neo liberalism and the new liberalism of western developed countries reform, promoting the transition from state monopoly capitalism to international monopoly capitalism. The core of new liberalism is liberalization, privatization and market demand, deregulation, reducing state intervention in economic life. The new liberalism as the guiding ideology. The United States and Britain and other developed countries of the Neo liberal reforms, and with the help of the debt crisis of 1980s output to developing new liberalism, require developing countries to open up the domestic market, the relaxation of capital flow restrictions, which create the institutional environment for the global flow of monopoly capital. International trade spread to the whole world in the new liberalism under the background of rapid development. International direct investment, large multinational corporations have become an important carrier of economic activity in the world, financial monopoly capital has become the main form of capital movement These new changes show the transition of state monopoly capitalism to international monopoly capitalism.
The Western dominated economic globalization is the globalization of capital, while the capital globalization is driven by capital liberalization in the.20 century after 80s, set off a new round of capital liberalization in the west, this round of capital liberalization tide is on the rise of new liberalism as the theoretical background, against the new free state intervention doctrine advocated, privatization, promote economic freedom policies, promote the rise of the tide of capital liberalization. And the liberalization reform stage and respected new liberalism in the United States and Britain's new conservative parties, for the free flow of capital across the world to create a favorable institutional environment in.1990 the "Washington consensus" after the introduction of new liberalism, and quickly spread to the whole world, barriers to the free flow of capital around the world have all been cleared. The globalization of capital movement began, not a hair It can be cleared up so that the trend of economic globalization is becoming stronger and stronger.
In 2007 the global financial crisis is one of the major events of capitalism in twenty-first Century. The outbreak of the crisis, is the basic contradiction of capitalism and further intensification of various factors as the core of the joint decision results. Among them, the new liberalism has become the mainstream Western ideology is one of the important factors. The new liberalism of liberalization, privatization and marketization. The policy provides a sufficient condition and a broad stage for the expansion of the development of the capital movement, so that the capital surplus value desire unlimited, unconstrained release. Its important manifestation, is the virtual capital explosive growth, the virtual economy has expanded gradually. Excessive expansion of the virtual economy to subvert the market supervision mode, hidden major credit crisis risk. When the financial derivatives in the financial innovation under the banner of excessive proliferation, significant deviation and economic body, and effective When market regulation is badly missing, the risk is transformed into a crisis.
Three things happened in developed capitalist countries since 1980s among are closely linked, they are interdependent, complement each other, to show the development of capitalism in the past thirty years and its future trend. While the inner red line connecting the three event is the new liberalism, in other words, it is the rise of new liberalism for the United States and other developed countries and the evolution of the national ideology, become the contemporary capitalist new changes. The main reasons for new development. However, the new liberalism does not solve the basic contradictions of capitalism, the essence of no change of the capitalist system, but capitalism faces all sorts of crisis, this also from another side that "science two necessities".

【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D081

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