本文選題：西周　切入點(diǎn)：初期　出處：《河北師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：權(quán)力的來源問題，或者說政治統(tǒng)治的合法性問題，是中西政治哲人共同關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)問題。君權(quán)神授是古代世界普遍存在的一種權(quán)力來源思想，但是，中國的君權(quán)神授思想還帶有強(qiáng)烈的德性政治的特征，從而使得中國傳統(tǒng)的政治觀帶有強(qiáng)烈的倫理特征。這種倫理政治觀的核心就是“德”，它形成于西周初期。 以周公為代表的周初統(tǒng)治者認(rèn)真總結(jié)了夏商周以來的三代興亡的歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，對夏商以來作為政治統(tǒng)治精神支柱的天命有了新的認(rèn)識。他們充分地認(rèn)識到，，天命是不會永遠(yuǎn)屬于一家一姓的，它是“惟德是輔”的，只有有“德”的人才會得到天命的眷顧。這樣，周初統(tǒng)治者就將政治關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)從不可捉摸的上天和神靈轉(zhuǎn)移到人類社會自身。這就是周公的“以德配天”思想。在“以德配天”思想的指導(dǎo)下，周公又進(jìn)一步考察了夏商周三代興亡中民的政治作 用，將德與民聯(lián)系在一起，從而提出了以如何對待民為核心內(nèi)容的“敬德保民”與“明德慎罰”的政治觀。其中敬德保民是核心，明德慎罰是敬德保民的具體化和側(cè)重點(diǎn)。這既是政治理性的覺醒，又是中國傳統(tǒng)民本思想的濫觴。這種德性政治觀，不但有著具體的“敬德保民”“明德慎罰”的政治內(nèi)容，而且以“選建明德”和“同心同德”名義，在分封制和宗法制上得到了制度保證。周初德性政 治觀的法典化是周代政治統(tǒng)治能夠長期維持的重要原因。周初的德性政治觀不但在宗法制和分封制上得到保證，而且通過將“孝”這種倫理秩序作為“德”的基本內(nèi)容規(guī)定為一種禮制秩序的方法，又將政治統(tǒng)治、倫理秩序和社 會風(fēng)俗融合在一起，從而使得周的政治統(tǒng)治得到了社會秩序的支持。
[Abstract]:The source of power, or the legitimacy of political rule, is the focus of common concern of Chinese and Western political philosophers. Divine monarchy is a common source of power in the ancient world, but, In China, the idea of divine teaching of monarchy also has the characteristics of strong virtue politics, which makes the traditional political view of China have strong ethical characteristics, the core of which is "virtue", which was formed in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. The rulers of early Zhou, represented by Zhou Gong, conscientiously summed up the historical experiences and lessons of the rise and fall of three generations since the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, and had a new understanding of the destiny as the spiritual pillar of political rule since the Xia and Shang dynasties. Destiny will not belong to one family and one surname forever, it is "only morality is auxiliary", only those who have "virtue" will get the blessing of heaven. In this way, In the early Zhou Dynasty, the rulers shifted the focus of political attention from the inscrutable heaven and the gods to the human society itself. This was the Zhou Gong's thought of "matching Heaven with virtue". Under the guidance of the thought of "matching Heaven with Virtue", Zhou Gong also made a further study of the political works of the rise and fall of the Chinese people in the three dynasties of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. By linking morality with the people, this paper puts forward a political view of "respecting morality and protecting the people" and "prudent punishment", in which respecting morality and protecting the people are the core contents, and how to treat the people as the core content. This is not only the awakening of political reason, but also the origin of Chinese traditional people-oriented thought. This kind of moral political view not only has the political content of "respecting morality and protecting people" and "Mingde discreet punishment". Moreover, in the name of "selecting Jianming morality" and "one mind and one morality", it was guaranteed by the system of enfeoffment and patriarchal system in the early Zhou Dynasty. The legalization of the concept of governance was an important reason why the political rule of Zhou Dynasty could be maintained for a long time. The political view of virtue in the early Zhou Dynasty was not only guaranteed by the patriarchal system and the system of partition. Moreover, by defining the ethical order "filial piety" as the basic content of "morality" as a kind of ritual order, political rule, ethical order and social order are also put forward. The social order supported Zhou's political rule.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D092

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