本文選題：哲學王　切入點：德性完善　出處：《南京師范大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為古希臘著名的哲學家和政治學家,柏拉圖的政治思想主要集中在《理想國》、《政治家篇》和《法律篇》中。本文通過對柏拉圖這三篇對話中所包含的政治思想的分析,提出了柏拉圖從《理想國》到《法律篇》的思想發(fā)展,實質上是其王政思想的發(fā)展。 柏拉圖在《理想國》中提出的“哲學王”統(tǒng)治究其實質是一種王政,這種王政體制一方面是建立在“哲學王”德性完善基礎上的權威主義,另一方面也是以其理想國家在德性上的自足與整體主義為基礎的。在這種王政體制下,個人毫無思想與行動的自由可言。在《政治家篇》中,柏拉圖一方面在肯定了王政是真正的政體外,給予對現(xiàn)實的關注與考慮,同時認為依法統(tǒng)治的君主政體是現(xiàn)實中王政政體最完美的模仿。而在《法律篇》中,法律的德性與權威至上取代了哲學王的德性與權威。所以,從《理想國》到《法律篇》,在柏拉圖思想的演化過程中,變化的是形式,不變的是實質。形式上,“哲學王”的統(tǒng)治變成了“法律”的統(tǒng)治。而實質上,建立在德性之上的權威主義才是永恒的。 之所以如此,是因為柏拉圖是一個對現(xiàn)實充滿關懷的思想家,而他所處的時代恰恰是一個在政治上缺乏秩序同時個人主義又大行其道的時代。于是,他以正義的名義出發(fā)在尋求國家秩序并努力實現(xiàn)它的過程中提出并發(fā)展了他的王政思想。但是,他在尋求正義的過程中走向了極端,這種極端必然導致政治上另一種形式的不正義的出現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:As a famous philosopher and political scientist in ancient Greece, Plato's political thoughts are mainly concentrated in "the Republic", "the statesman" and "the Law". The development of Plato's thought from the Republic to the Law is essentially the development of his thoughts on the king's government. In the Republic, Plato put forward the rule of "the King of philosophy", which is essentially a kind of royal government. On the one hand, the system of royal government is authoritarianism based on the perfection of the virtue of the "King of philosophy". On the other hand, it is also based on the moral self-sufficiency and holism of its ideal country. In this royal system, the individual has no freedom of thought or action. On the one hand, Plato gave attention and consideration to the reality, besides affirming that the royal government is the real regime, and at the same time, he believed that the monarchy ruled by law is the most perfect imitation of the regime of the royal government in reality. The supremacy of virtue and authority of law has replaced the virtue and authority of the king of philosophy. Therefore, from the Republic to the Law, in the course of Plato's thought evolution, it is the form that changes. In form, the rule of the "king of philosophy" becomes the rule of "law", but in essence, authoritarianism based on virtue is eternal. The reason is that Plato is a thinker who is full of concern for reality, and he lives in an era of political lack of order and individualism. He set out in the name of justice to put forward and develop his ideas of royal rule in the pursuit of national order and in his efforts to achieve it. However, he went to the extreme in the process of seeking justice. This extreme inevitably leads to another form of political injustice.
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：B502.232;D09

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