本文選題：朱熹　切入點：天理　出處：《華僑大學》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：針對南宋政局所面臨的內憂外患交熾,民族危機重重的現狀,朱熹多次上疏皇帝,提出了以天理觀為核心,德治思想為基本內涵的一系列政治主張和治國理論,希冀建立一個上下秩序穩(wěn)定,整體社會和諧的國家。他以天理為最高準繩,由強調理欲之間的對峙及確立理的優(yōu)先性出發(fā),把德治理念擴大到宇宙萬物的普遍性加以說明,并以人性論為基礎架起了溝通“理”與“禮”之間的橋梁。通過理與禮之間的溝通,朱熹確認了道德原則與人在生活世界中的具體存在之間的聯系,并通過行為上的自覺踐履進一步高揚和深化了原始儒家的道德理性精神,確立了一個理一分殊的本體論體系。因此,他認為君主的修德示范是治理天下的前提,關鍵是提高官吏的道德修養(yǎng),而出發(fā)點和最終歸宿是恤民,只有通過興學校、崇教化、提高整個社會的道德水準,才能實現國家的長治久安。其政治實踐的起點建基于對仁義優(yōu)先的價值判斷,要求通過克己復禮的求仁工夫達成一種以人性修養(yǎng)為根本的教化政治,其德治思想的實現也是與為政者的自身內在修養(yǎng)密切相關的。實質上,朱熹的德治思想是將當時現實問題提升到本體論的角度進行研究的結果,其目的在于合理地處理君和臣民之間的關系,以糾正當時的政治弊端。朱熹德治思想的根本目的在于將倫理道德運用于政治領域,使道德的內在約束力作為規(guī)范君主行為、治理國家社稷、管理庶民百姓的主要手段,從而實現道德教化的政治功能。中國古代的政治、經濟、法律及文化教育的發(fā)展深深地打上了德治思想的烙印,德治作為政治與道德的傳統(tǒng)思維模式,深深地積淀于中華民族的心靈之中。開展朱熹德治思想的研究,對我們更深入地理解自身民族的文化性格和中國歷史發(fā)展的特征、規(guī)律,具有重要作用。
[Abstract]:In view of the current situation in which the political situation of the Southern Song Dynasty is full of internal and external troubles and national crises, Zhu Xi has repeatedly put forward a series of political opinions and theories of governing the country with the view of heaven as the core and the thought of rule of virtue as the basic connotation. Desiring to establish a country with stable order and harmonious society as a whole, he based on the principle of heaven as the highest criterion, from emphasizing the confrontation between reason and desire and establishing the priority of reason, he expanded the idea of rule by virtue to the universality of all things in the universe. On the basis of the theory of human nature, Zhu Xi established a bridge between "reason" and "propriety". Through the communication between reason and ceremony, Zhu Xi confirmed the connection between moral principles and the concrete existence of human beings in the world of life. Through the conscious practice of behavior, he further exalts and deepens the moral rational spirit of the primitive Confucianism, and establishes an ontological system with a difference in reason. Therefore, he thinks that the monarch's moral example is the prerequisite for governing the world. The key is to improve the moral cultivation of government officials, and the starting point and ultimate goal is to be compassionate to the people. Only through the promotion of schools and education can the moral standards of the whole society be raised. The starting point of its political practice is based on the value judgment of giving priority to benevolence and righteousness, and requires a kind of civilized politics based on the cultivation of human nature. The realization of his thought of ruling by virtue is also closely related to the inner cultivation of those who are in power. In essence, Zhu Xi's thought of ruling by virtue is the result of the study of raising the practical problems of that time to the perspective of ontology. The aim is to reasonably deal with the relationship between the monarch and the subjects in order to correct the political malpractice at that time. The fundamental purpose of Zhu Xi's thought of rule of virtue is to apply ethics and morality to the political field and to make the internal binding force of morality as the norm of monarchy behavior. The main means of governing the country and the common people are to realize the political function of moral education. The development of politics, economy, law, culture and education in ancient China has been deeply branded by the idea of rule by virtue. As a traditional mode of thinking in politics and morality, the rule of virtue is deeply embedded in the mind of the Chinese nation. By carrying out the study of Zhu Xi's thought of rule of virtue, we can have a deeper understanding of the cultural character of our own nation and the characteristics and laws of the development of Chinese history. Play an important role.
【學位授予單位】：華僑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D092

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