發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-20 09:01

  本文選題：孫中山　切入點(diǎn)：主觀社會(huì)主義　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：孫中山是中國(guó)民主革命的偉大先行者,他的主觀社會(huì)主義思想不僅為中國(guó)近代革命事業(yè)做出了巨大的歷史貢獻(xiàn),也為當(dāng)代中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)的建設(shè)提供了一定的理論借鑒。因此,在不同的歷史時(shí)期,孫中山的主觀社會(huì)主義思想都具有重要的理論價(jià)值和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。孫中山的主觀社會(huì)主義思想是時(shí)代的產(chǎn)物。19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初,歐美工人運(yùn)動(dòng)的興起、社會(huì)主義學(xué)說(shuō)的傳播、無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)政黨的發(fā)展是孫中山主觀社會(huì)主義思想產(chǎn)生的國(guó)際背景。甲午中日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后,民族意識(shí)的覺(jué)醒、救亡圖存思想的發(fā)展是孫中山主觀社會(huì)主義思想產(chǎn)生的國(guó)內(nèi)背景。孫中山的主觀社會(huì)主義思想是在批判和借鑒社會(huì)主義思潮、中國(guó)古代的思想文化和西方小資產(chǎn)階級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)說(shuō)的基礎(chǔ)上形成的。孫中山在從事革命活動(dòng)的過(guò)程中萌生了主觀社會(huì)主義思想,這一思想伴隨著他的革命實(shí)踐不斷演變和發(fā)展。孫中山的主觀社會(huì)主義思想揭露了西方資本主義社會(huì)的階級(jí)矛盾和政治腐敗,設(shè)想了一個(gè)自由、平等、博愛(ài)的理想社會(huì),通過(guò)政治革命和社會(huì)革命畢其功于一役,通過(guò)振興實(shí)業(yè)、平均地權(quán)和節(jié)制資本等途徑最終實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義。孫中山和馬克思都不滿現(xiàn)實(shí),渴望建設(shè)理想社會(huì),孫中山的主觀社會(huì)主義思想與馬克思的科學(xué)社會(huì)主義思想都主張生產(chǎn)資料公有制,但是由于哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)和實(shí)施方案的不同,我們必須將其與馬克思的科學(xué)社會(huì)主義思想進(jìn)行區(qū)分。從歷史上看,孫中山的主觀社會(huì)主義思想對(duì)于社會(huì)主義在中國(guó)的傳播、民主革命的發(fā)展和社會(huì)的進(jìn)步起到了一定的推動(dòng)作用。對(duì)當(dāng)今社會(huì)而言,孫中山的主觀社會(huì)主義思想也為建設(shè)中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義提供了參考價(jià)值。由于當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)條件的限制和自身階級(jí)的局限,孫中山的主觀社會(huì)主義思想也存在不足之處,他把科學(xué)社會(huì)主義同無(wú)政府主義和中國(guó)大同等傳統(tǒng)思想相混淆,未能把握馬克思"兩個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)"的精髓,他的主觀社會(huì)主義思想還停留在資產(chǎn)階級(jí)政治思想的范疇。
[Abstract]:Sun Zhongshan is a great pioneer of China's democratic revolution. His subjective socialist thought has not only made great historical contributions to the cause of modern Chinese revolution, It also provides some theoretical reference for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, in different historical periods, Sun Zhongshan's subjective socialist thought has important theoretical value and practical significance. Sun Zhongshan's subjective socialist thought is the product of the times. At the end of the 19th century, at the beginning of 20th century, the rise of the workers' movement in Europe and the United States, the spread of socialist theory, The development of proletarian political party is the international background of Sun Zhongshan's subjective socialist thought. The development of the thought of saving the nation from the dead is the domestic background of the emergence of Sun Zhongshan's subjective socialist thought. Sun Zhongshan's subjective socialist thought is criticizing and drawing lessons from the socialist trend of thought. Formed on the basis of ancient Chinese ideology and western petty-bourgeois economic theory. Sun Zhongshan initiated the subjective socialist thought in the course of his revolutionary activities. This thought was accompanied by the continuous evolution and development of his revolutionary practice. Sun Zhongshan's subjective socialist thought exposed class contradictions and political corruption in western capitalist societies and envisioned an ideal society of freedom, equality and fraternity. Through political and social revolutions, we can achieve socialism through the means of revitalizing industries, averaging land rights and controlling capital. Both Sun Zhongshan and Marx are dissatisfied with reality and are eager to build an ideal society. Sun Zhongshan's subjective socialist thought and Marx's scientific socialist thought both advocate public ownership of the means of production, but due to differences in philosophical basis and implementation plan, We must distinguish it from Marx's scientific socialist thought. Historically, Sun Zhongshan's subjective socialist ideology has spread socialism in China. The development of democratic revolution and social progress have played a certain role in promoting. Sun Zhongshan's subjective socialist thought also provides a reference value for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Due to the limitations of social conditions and the limitations of his own class at that time, Sun Zhongshan's subjective socialist thought also has shortcomings. He confused scientific socialism with traditional thoughts such as anarchism and Chinese Datong, failed to grasp the essence of Marx's "two discoveries", and his subjective socialist thought remained in the category of bourgeois political thought.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D092

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