本文選題：代表　切入點：代表類型　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：從霍布斯提出代表概念解決公民授權(quán)問題開始，越來越多的西方政治理論家關(guān)注政治代表問題。十八世紀(jì)，由伯克所確立的“委任代表”和“獨立代表”二元分析框架長期引領(lǐng)著代表觀念的爭論，代表與被代表者的關(guān)系由此成為代表理論爭論的焦點。在當(dāng)代政治學(xué)界，皮特金是首位全面、系統(tǒng)研究代表概念的政治學(xué)者，結(jié)合語義分析和政治思想的歷史研究方法，她從形式和實質(zhì)兩個范疇說明代表的不同形式與意義。曼斯布里奇則提出“約定代表制”、“預(yù)期代表制”、“陀螺代表制”和“代理代表制”四種代表類型，逐一分析每一種代表制下的權(quán)力關(guān)系、協(xié)商模式和規(guī)范標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。雷菲爾德批評曼斯布里奇的概念把代表的分析引向另一種復(fù)雜的境地，他則從“代表的目標(biāo)”、“判斷的來源”和“代表的回應(yīng)性”三個方面入手，試圖建立更普遍的分析框架。在方法層面，曼斯布里奇與雷菲爾德存在三點分歧：首先，關(guān)于指導(dǎo)概念設(shè)計的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)問題，曼斯布里奇認為代表的概念應(yīng)考慮它在特殊背景下的有效性，雷菲爾德認為它不應(yīng)受制于經(jīng)驗實例；其次，就如何將諸多政治代表類型中的本質(zhì)予以概念化問題，曼斯布里奇認為代表是一個關(guān)系概念，要兼顧反映代表與代表者的關(guān)系，而雷菲爾德偏向于從分析代表特征入手；第三，，曼斯布里奇嘗試為代表引入實質(zhì)性觀點，雷菲爾德側(cè)重于對代表關(guān)系特征的厘清，倡導(dǎo)代表研究應(yīng)向西式民主以外拓展。 曼斯布里奇和雷菲爾德對政治代表的爭論集中展示了當(dāng)代政治代表理論中的諸多問題，他們之間的爭議對探討傳統(tǒng)代表模式之外的代表理論有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Since Hobbes put forward the concept of representation to solve the problem of citizen empowerment, more and more western political theorists have paid attention to the issue of political representation. In 18th century, The dual analytical framework of "appointed Representative" and "Independent Representative", established by Burke, has long led the debate on the concept of Representative, and the relationship between Representative and Representative has thus become the focus of debate on Representative Theory. Pitkin is the first political scholar to study the concept of representation in a comprehensive and systematic way, combining semantic analysis with a historical approach to political thought. She explains the different forms and meanings of representation from two aspects of form and substance, while Mensbridge puts forward four representative types: "contract representation", "expected representation", "gyro representation" and "agency representation". Analysis of power relations, negotiation models and normative standards under each system of representation. Redfield's criticism of Mansbridge's concept leads the analysis of delegates to another complex situation. He tries to build a more general analytical framework from the three aspects of "representative goals", "sources of judgment" and "representational responsiveness". At the methodological level, there are three differences between Mansbridge and Reyfield: first, With regard to the criteria for guiding conceptual design, Mansbridge believes that the concept of representation should consider its effectiveness in a particular context, and that it should not be subject to empirical examples; secondly, As to how to conceptualize the essence of many types of political representation, Mansbridge thinks that representation is a concept of relationship, which should reflect the relationship between representative and representative, while Reyfield prefers to analyze the characteristics of representative; third, Mansbridge tries to introduce the substantive point of view for the representative, Reyfield emphasizes on clarifying the characteristics of the representative relationship, and advocates that the representative research should be expanded beyond the western democracy. The controversy between Mansbridge and Reyfield on political representation shows a lot of problems in the theory of political representation. The controversy between them is of great significance to the discussion of representative theory beyond the traditional representation model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D091

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