本文關(guān)鍵詞： 社群主義 正義觀 和諧社會(huì) 啟示　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在新世紀(jì)新階段,我國(guó)提出了構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)的偉大構(gòu)想,正義在和諧社會(huì)中處于核心價(jià)值的地位。各種政治學(xué)說(shuō)都是在人類歷史進(jìn)程中產(chǎn)生的,都有其合理性。在建設(shè)社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)的過(guò)程中,我們應(yīng)該對(duì)于各種政治學(xué)說(shuō)進(jìn)行批判地借鑒。面對(duì)新自由主義理論導(dǎo)致的西方社會(huì)危機(jī),社群主義提出了他們自己的正義觀,這種社群主義正義觀可以為我們建設(shè)和諧社會(huì)提供一些啟示。 本文包括導(dǎo)語(yǔ)和正文兩大部分,正文又從五章進(jìn)行了論述。 文章導(dǎo)語(yǔ)中,分析了本文選題的背景和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。在新自由主義正義理論主導(dǎo)下的西方社會(huì),出現(xiàn)了許多危機(jī)。社群主義針對(duì)西方社會(huì)出現(xiàn)的危機(jī),對(duì)新自由主義正義理論進(jìn)行了批判,同時(shí)提出了自己的正義理論。在中國(guó),我國(guó)提出要構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì),對(duì)于目前國(guó)內(nèi)存在的一些不公平正義現(xiàn)象,如何去實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)的公平正義對(duì)于構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)至關(guān)重要。當(dāng)代社群主義正義理論對(duì)我國(guó)構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)有著現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文第一部分,文章首先從整體上對(duì)社群主義進(jìn)行了概述,介紹了社群主義產(chǎn)生的歷史過(guò)程及其主要代表人物。其次分析了社群主義正義觀興起的社會(huì)背景,在新自由主義正義理論主導(dǎo)下,社會(huì)中個(gè)人主義泛濫,社會(huì)道德缺失,國(guó)家中立使人們的積極權(quán)利受到侵害,這些公共危機(jī)成為社群主義正義理論正義興起的社會(huì)背景。文章又分析了社群主義正義觀興起的理論理論淵源。古代亞里士多德關(guān)于社群的論述,關(guān)系美德正義的論述為社群主義提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。近代黑格爾對(duì)自由主義的批判、對(duì)個(gè)人與社會(huì)的關(guān)系及個(gè)人與歷史傳統(tǒng)的關(guān)系的論述影響了社群主義。 本文第二部分,文章首先分析了社群主義對(duì)新自由主義正義觀的批判,主要批判了新自由主義正義觀的個(gè)人主義觀念和權(quán)利優(yōu)先于善的觀念。社群主義者提出了作為德性正義論和規(guī)則正義論,社群主義所說(shuō)的正義,在實(shí)質(zhì)上就是社群成員基于社會(huì)歷史傳統(tǒng)對(duì)社群公共利益產(chǎn)生的一種共識(shí),包括社群的共同目標(biāo)、共同價(jià)值規(guī)范、共同利益。在正義的原則問(wèn)題上,麥金太爾堅(jiān)持應(yīng)得原則,沃爾澤主張不同的分配領(lǐng)域有不同的分配標(biāo)準(zhǔn),要實(shí)現(xiàn)一種復(fù)合平等。米勒則堅(jiān)持多元分配原則。 本文第三部分,文章對(duì)當(dāng)代社群主義正義觀進(jìn)行了反思,這種正義觀既有合理性也有局限性。合理性在于社群主義對(duì)新自由主義正義理論進(jìn)行了批判,堅(jiān)持善優(yōu)先于權(quán)利,并對(duì)對(duì)一些現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題提出了新的解決方案。局限性在于社群主義的強(qiáng)國(guó)家觀點(diǎn)有存在著可能性的缺陷,社群主義者沒(méi)有為德性正義的執(zhí)行提供現(xiàn)實(shí)操作。 本文第四部分,文章分析了我國(guó)構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)面臨的一些問(wèn)題,在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域中表現(xiàn)為貧富差距擴(kuò)大,在政治領(lǐng)域中表現(xiàn)為公民的合法權(quán)益得不到保障,在社會(huì)保障領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)為社會(huì)弱勢(shì)群體的基本生活需要得不到滿足。 本文第五部分,文章分析了社群主義正義觀對(duì)我國(guó)構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)的啟示。啟示主要有以下幾個(gè)方面：在道德上應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持公民美德建設(shè),社會(huì)利益分配方面堅(jiān)持多元正義原則和復(fù)合平等原則,在政治方面國(guó)家保障個(gè)人合法權(quán)利。
[Abstract]:In the new stage of the new century, China put forward the great concept of building a socialist harmonious society, justice is the core value of the position in the harmonious society. All kinds of political theories are produced in the process of human history, has its rationality. In the process of building a socialist harmonious society, we should be for a variety of political theory criticism reference. To the new liberalism theory of western social crisis, communitarianism puts forward their own view of justice, the communitarian view of justice can provide some enlightenment for our construction of a harmonious society.
This article includes two parts of the introduction and the text, and the text is discussed from the five chapters.
The introduction, analyzes the background and practical significance. In the new liberalism theory of justice under the auspices of the western society, there have been many crisis. The crisis of Communitarianism in western society, the new liberalism theory of justice is criticized, and put forward his theory of justice. In China, China proposes to the construction of socialist harmonious society, the current domestic some unfair justice phenomenon, how to realize social fairness and justice for building a socialist harmonious society is of vital importance. Contemporary Communitarianism theory has practical significance for building a socialist harmonious society in China.
The first part of this paper, firstly, from the overall overview of communitarianism, introduces the historical process of Communitarianism and its main representative. Secondly, analyzes the social background of the rise of the communitarian view of justice, in leading the new liberalism theory of justice, social individualism, social morality, the positive neutrality of state rights of people these are violated, the public crisis has become the rise of communitarianism theory of justice social background. The article analyzes the communitarian view of justice theory origin. The rise of the ancient theory of Aristotle for the community, discusses the relationship between virtue and justice provides a theoretical basis for modern communitarianism. Hagel's critique of Liberalism, the relationship of the relation between man and society and individuals with a history of traditional discourse influenced communitarianism.
In the second part, the article firstly analyzes the communitarianism critique of new liberalism justice view, the main criticism of the new liberalism justice view individualism and rights prior to the good idea. Communitarianists proposed as a virtue of justice and the rule of justice, "said the justice community, in essence, is the community a member of a social and historical tradition of community consensus based on the public interest, including the common goal of the community, the common interests of the common value standard, in principle. The question of justice, Macintyre insisted on the principle of desert, Walser advocated the distribution of different areas have different allocation criteria, to achieve a complex equality. Miller insisted on multiple distribution the principle.
In the third part, this article reflects on contemporary communitarian view of justice, the justice of both rationality and limitation. Communitarianism criticizes the rationality of the new liberalism theory of justice, adhere to good priority in the right, and on some practical problems put forward a new solution. The limitation lies in the strong communitarianism the national view has potential exists defects, communitarianism provides no practical operation for the implementation of the justice of virtue.
In the fourth part, this paper analyzes some problems in constructing a socialist harmonious society in our country, mainly in the economic field in the gap between the rich and the poor, in the political field for the citizen's legitimate rights and interests are not guaranteed, in the field of social security for social vulnerable groups are the basic living needs are not met.
In the fifth part, this paper analyzes the communitarian view of justice is to build a socialist harmonious society of our country enlightenment. Enlightenment mainly in the following aspects: the moral should insist on civic virtue construction, distribution of social interests to adhere to the principles of justice and equality principle of multivariate composite, in politics country to protect the legitimate rights of the individual.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D09

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