發(fā)布時間：2018-03-01 02:25

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 游說管制 管制模式 比較研究　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 在當(dāng)今所有的政治體系中游說已經(jīng)成為民主政治過程的核心且合法的組成部分。盡管“游說”和“游說者”時常與負面含義聯(lián)系在一起,但游說者們所做的這些工作卻是必不可少的。這些政治行為主體介入政府系統(tǒng)的政策制定過程,并且向政治系統(tǒng)進行相應(yīng)的反饋,從而有助于促進政策的輸出。從利益訴求的范疇來看,游說集團包括了經(jīng)濟利益游說者(如企業(yè))、職業(yè)利益游說者(如工會)以及公民社會利益游說者(如各種環(huán)境保護組織)。這些利益訴求集團可以通過許多諸如直接與政治官員進行溝通等方式對政治決策施加影響,事實上政府決策行為的背后不同程度上都有游說集團／利益集團的影子。然而隨著政治腐敗現(xiàn)象的愈演愈烈,人們開始要求游說活動的公開,甚至對游說活動進行適當(dāng)?shù)南拗?因此,一些國家開始建立游說活動的管制體系。 目前,世界上已經(jīng)建立起游說者管制的國家／地區(qū)主要有美國、加拿大、澳大利亞、德國、歐盟、匈牙利、波蘭、立陶宛、格魯吉亞以及臺灣。雖然已經(jīng)有為數(shù)不少的學(xué)者對游說管制的發(fā)展進行了分析和研究,但這些研究大多只是集中在某一個國家／地區(qū),其中絕大多數(shù)關(guān)注的對象都為美國,缺乏對這些游說管制體系進行廣泛的比較分析,而這些比較分析能夠讓我們更好地理解不同國家的游說管制環(huán)境。本文的目的主要在于以下三方面： 首先,本文將會通過對這10個國家／地區(qū)的游說管制體系進行具體的描述,從而能夠在整體上對這些已經(jīng)建立起的管制體系有較為充分的了解；其次,本文會通過數(shù)據(jù)實證的方法來理性地檢驗每個系統(tǒng)中游說管制力度的強弱,并且試圖對這些管制體系進行分類,建立起三大游說管制模式；最后,本文希望通過對已經(jīng)建立起的管制體系的分析研究,對我國游說管制框架的建立提出一點建議。 本論文的結(jié)構(gòu)由緒言、正文和總結(jié)三大部分組成。緒言部分主要是對本文選題的緣起和意義、研究現(xiàn)狀以及研究方法進行闡述。正文部分共分為四章：第一章將對游說、游說者以及游說管制等概念以及游說管制的相關(guān)理論依據(jù)進行概述；第二章則主要對目前已經(jīng)建立起游說管制體系的國家或地區(qū)進行深入的國別研究；本文的第三章將會在國別研究的基礎(chǔ)上,運用美國公共廉政中心的CPI系統(tǒng)對這些管制體系的管制力度進行評估,從而對這些體系進行理論上的分類,并建立起三大游說管制模式——高度管制模式、中度管制模式以及低管制模式。本文第四章將針對中國的實際情況,結(jié)合目前的管制經(jīng)驗,對中國游說管制體系框架的建立提出一些自己的建議。最后的結(jié)論部分則全面總結(jié)和回顧所研究的內(nèi)容基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Lobbying has become a central and legitimate part of the democratic political process in all political systems today, although "lobbying" and "lobbyists" are often associated with negative connotations. But what lobbyists do is essential. These political actors get involved in the policymaking process of the government system and give feedback to the political system. Thus contributing to the export of policies. From the perspective of the scope of interest claims, Lobbyists include economic lobbyists (e.g. corporate lobbyists, professional lobbyists (e.g. trade unions) and civil society lobbyists (e.g. various environmental protection organizations). These interest groups can appeal through a number of such as direct. To influence political decisions by means of communication with political officials, As a matter of fact, there is a shadow of lobby groups / interest groups behind government decision-making. However, as political corruption intensifies, people begin to demand that lobbying activities be made public or even subject to appropriate restrictions. As a result, some countries began to establish a system of control of lobbying activities. At present, the major countries / territories in the world that have established lobbyist control are the United States, Canada, Australia, Germany, the European Union, Hungary, Poland, Lithuania, Georgia and Taiwan. Although quite a number of scholars have analyzed and studied the development of lobbying regulation, most of these studies are concentrated in a certain country or region, the vast majority of which are focused on the United States. There is a lack of extensive comparative analysis of these lobbying regulatory systems, which will enable us to better understand the lobbying regulatory environment in different countries. First, this paper will give a detailed description of the lobbying control systems of these 10 countries and regions, so as to have a better understanding of these established regulatory systems as a whole; secondly, This paper will rationally test the intensity of lobbying regulation in each system through the method of data demonstration, and try to classify these control systems and establish three major lobbying control models. This paper hopes to put forward some suggestions on the establishment of China's lobbying regulatory framework through the analysis and study of the established regulatory system. The structure of this paper is composed of three parts: introduction, text and summary. The preface is mainly about the origin and significance of this topic, the research status and research methods. The text is divided into four chapters: the first chapter will lobby. The concepts of lobbyists and lobbyists, as well as the theoretical basis of lobbyist control, are summarized. The second chapter focuses on the in-depth country studies of countries or regions that have established a lobbying control system. The third chapter of this paper will use the CPI system of the American Center of Public Integrity to evaluate the degree of control of these control systems on the basis of country studies, so as to classify these systems in theory. Three major models of lobbying regulation, namely, high regulation model, moderate regulation model and low regulation mode, are established. Chapter 4th of this paper will focus on the actual situation in China and combine the current regulatory experience. Some suggestions are put forward for the establishment of the framework of China's lobbying control system. The final conclusion summarizes and reviews the content basis of the study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D035

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本文編號：1550008