本文關(guān)鍵詞： 葛蘭西 政黨 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：葛蘭西是意大利共產(chǎn)黨的創(chuàng)始人之一，并擔(dān)任意大利共產(chǎn)黨總書記，是西方著名的社會主義實踐家和思想家。葛蘭西的政黨思想是對經(jīng)典馬克思主義政黨思想的繼承和發(fā)展，是無產(chǎn)階級政黨在日漸發(fā)達的資本主義國家如何發(fā)展與奪取政權(quán)的一種具有創(chuàng)新性和開拓性的探索。通過對資本主義社會結(jié)構(gòu)和資產(chǎn)階級統(tǒng)治方式的分析，葛蘭西發(fā)現(xiàn)資產(chǎn)階級政黨在發(fā)展過程中轉(zhuǎn)變了自己的統(tǒng)治方式，這突出地表現(xiàn)在資產(chǎn)階級政黨不僅僅通過暴力的方式維護自己的統(tǒng)治，還通過不斷贏得被統(tǒng)治階級的同意來建構(gòu)自己的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)。針對這一新變化，葛蘭西繼承和發(fā)揚了馬克思和恩格斯的政黨思想，探討了在資產(chǎn)階級政黨已經(jīng)牢牢把握了國家政權(quán)的情況下，無產(chǎn)階級政黨如何通過更靈活的方式發(fā)展壯大，并走向社會主義和共產(chǎn)主義這一重大課題。雖然目前對葛蘭西的思想進行研究的學(xué)者并不少，也發(fā)表了不少文章，但以葛蘭西政黨思想為研究對象的文章較為少見。本文在尊重原著，仔細研讀原著的前提下，力求把葛蘭西政黨思想的原貌展現(xiàn)出來。 本文分為四個部分： 前言主要介紹論文的選題意義、國內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀、論文創(chuàng)新之處以及學(xué)術(shù)研究方法。 第一部分是葛蘭西政黨思想的形成和發(fā)展，簡要論述了葛蘭西政黨思想的發(fā)展過程。為了更清晰地解讀葛蘭西政黨思想，本文將其劃分為四個歷史階段：一是葛蘭西政黨思想的理論準備與實踐積累階段，二是葛蘭西政黨思想的初步形成階段，三是葛蘭西政黨思想的豐富與發(fā)展階段，四是葛蘭西政黨思想的成熟階段。這一部分的論述，既有結(jié)合現(xiàn)實的分析，也有對葛蘭西原著的引用和分析，盡量還原葛蘭西政黨思想發(fā)展的歷史原貌。 第二部分介紹葛蘭西政黨思想的內(nèi)容，包括四個方面：一是葛蘭西的工廠委員會思想，，體現(xiàn)了葛蘭西對黨的建設(shè)問題的初步探索。二是葛蘭西的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)理論，葛蘭西的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)涵蓋政治、文化、經(jīng)濟三重意蘊。葛蘭西主張無產(chǎn)階級政黨通過領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)的建構(gòu)一步步積聚政治資本與民眾力量，從而壯大一國國家無產(chǎn)階級的總體實力。三是葛蘭西的知識分子理論，無產(chǎn)階級政黨應(yīng)當(dāng)積極吸納有機知識分子，確立自己的新的世界觀，發(fā)揮對人民大眾的教育、智識和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的職能，并取得人民大眾的認同和同意，逐步形成強大的社會集團。四是葛蘭西對黨奪取國家政權(quán)的具體形式的探索。葛蘭西基于對西方社會結(jié)構(gòu)的新變化，主張無產(chǎn)階級政黨在奪取國家政權(quán)的歷史進程中采取更加靈活的戰(zhàn)略，尤其要注重陣地戰(zhàn)的有效開展。上述四個方面體現(xiàn)了葛蘭西在不同歷史時期不同方面的政黨思想，本文對其形成的思想來源和具體內(nèi)涵，結(jié)合原著進行了較為全面的解讀。 第三部分為葛蘭西政黨思想評析。一方面，葛蘭西的政黨思想是對馬克思主義政黨思想的繼承和發(fā)展，葛蘭西的政黨思想對歐洲無產(chǎn)階級政黨尤其是意大利共產(chǎn)黨的發(fā)展起到了重要作用。另一方面，葛蘭西政黨思想具有一定的局限性，這具體包括地區(qū)局限性、時代局限性、理論指導(dǎo)的局限性和理論探索的局限性。
[Abstract]:Gramsci is one of the founders of the Communist Party of Italy, and served as general secretary of the Communist Party of Italy, is a famous western socialist practitioners and thinkers. Gramsci's political thought is the inheritance and development of classical political party Marx thought, is how to develop a proletarian party and the seizure of power is innovative and pioneering exploration in Japan gradually developed the capitalist countries. Through the analysis of the social structure of capitalism and the bourgeoisie rule, Gramsci found bourgeois party changed their ruling party in the development process, the prominent bourgeois party not only through violent means to maintain their own rule, through to win by the ruling class to construct their own leadership right. According to this new change, Gramsci inherited and developed Marx and Engels's political thought Think on the bourgeois political parties have firmly grasp the state power under the condition of the proletarian party through a more flexible way to grow, and move towards socialism and communism is a major issue. Although the Gramsci's thought of scholars and many, also published many articles, but the parties to Gramsci thought as the research object of the article is rare. In this respect the original, careful reading of the original premise, and strive to show the original appearance of Gramsci's thoughts of political party.
This article is divided into four parts:
The preface introduces the significance of the thesis, the research status at home and abroad, the innovation of the paper and the methods of academic research.
The first part is the formation and development of Gramsci's political thought, briefly discusses the development process of Gramsci's political party thought. In order to obtain a clear interpretation of Gramsci 'thought, this paper will be divided into four stages: one is the theory preparation and practice of Gramsci's political party thought accumulation stage, two is the preliminary stage of Gramsci's political thought. Gramsci is the three party and the rich and development stage, four is the mature stage of the political party thought of Gramsci. This part is combined with the reality of the analysis, there are original works of the Gramsci reference and analysis, try to restore the original appearance of the history of the development of Gramsci's political thought.
The second part introduces Gramsci's political thought content includes four aspects: one is the factory Committee Gramsci thought, embodies the preliminary exploration of Gramsci on the issue of Party building. The two is the leadership of Gramsci Gramsci's leadership theory, including politics, culture, economy three meanings. Gramsci advocated the proletarian party through the construction of leadership right step by step accumulation of political capital and the strength of the masses, the overall strength of a country's national proletariat expands. The three is Gramsci's theory of intellectuals, the proletarian party should actively absorb organic intellectuals, to establish their own new world view, play on people's education, intellectual and leadership functions, and obtain the identity and agree with the masses of the people, and gradually formed a strong social group. The four is to explore the specific forms of the party to seize state power by Gramsci Gramsci based on the West. The new change of social structure, advocated the proletarian party to adopt a more flexible strategy in the historical process of seizing state power, especially the position to effectively carry out the war. The four aspects of Gramsci in different aspects of the different historical periods of political thoughts, and the specific content of this paper for the formation of the ideological source, combined with the original for a comprehensive explanation.
The third part is the analysis of Gramsci's thoughts of political party. On the one hand, Gramsci's political thought is the inheritance and development of Marx's political thought, Gramsci's thoughts of political party of the European proletarian party especially the development of the Communist Party of Italy played an important role. On the other hand, Gramsci's political thought has certain limitations, including the limited area of the time limitation, limitation of theory guidance and limitations of the theory.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D09

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