本文關(guān)鍵詞： 先秦政治思想史 道義 功利 儒法之爭 儒法互補(bǔ) 宗法　出處：《文史哲》2017年03期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：先秦政治思想領(lǐng)域一直存在著重道義和重功利兩種思想的對立。這種對立,在商代表現(xiàn)為商王朝崇尚嚴(yán)刑峻法和周邦倡導(dǎo)明德慎罰的不同,在西周表現(xiàn)為魯國"親親上恩"和齊國"尊賢上功"的不同,在春秋表現(xiàn)為"道之以德,齊之以禮"和"道之以政,齊之以刑"的不同,在戰(zhàn)國則集中表現(xiàn)為推崇禮治的儒家和推崇法治的法家之間的激烈交鋒。兩派思想的對峙與沖突不但貫穿了先秦政治思想史的始終,還從根本上決定了當(dāng)時政治思想的局面和進(jìn)程。兩派政治思想對立關(guān)系的形成,與中國早期國家的特殊形態(tài)即宗族國家形態(tài)密切相關(guān)。宗族組織與國家機(jī)器的緊密結(jié)合,家族倫理與政治倫理的高度一致,首先促生了代表宗族勢力、富于宗法與親情氣息、帶有濃厚中國文化特色的道義派政治思想,而作為代表國家勢力的一端,注重政治與法規(guī)建設(shè)、看重行政效率和國家實(shí)力的功利派政治思想也相伴而生。道義與功利之爭在中國古代政治思想領(lǐng)域反復(fù)出現(xiàn)并產(chǎn)生廣泛深刻的影響,這是中國古代家族組織、家族文化和宗法意識特別發(fā)達(dá)的社會政治現(xiàn)實(shí)必然導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:In the political and ideological field of the Pre-Qin Dynasty, there has always been the opposition of two kinds of thoughts, one of which is the emphasis on morality and the other on utilitarianism. In the Shang Dynasty, the opposition was the difference between the Shang Dynasty in advocating severe punishment and Zhou Bang's advocating the prudent punishment. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, there were differences between Lu's "kiss for grace" and Qi's "respect for the meritorious deeds". In the Spring and Autumn period, there were differences between "Taoism with virtue, Qi with courtesy" and "Taoism with politics and Qi with punishment". In the warring States period, there was a fierce confrontation between the Confucianists who respected the rule of etiquette and the legalists who respected the rule of law. The confrontation and conflict of the two schools of thought not only ran through the history of political thought in the pre-Qin period, It also fundamentally determined the situation and process of political ideology at that time. The formation of the antagonistic relationship between the two schools of political thought was closely related to the special form of China's early state, namely, the form of the patriarchal state, and the close integration of clan organizations with the state machinery. Family ethics and political ethics are highly consistent. First of all, they promote the emergence of representative clan forces, rich in patriarchal and kinship atmosphere, with strong Chinese cultural characteristics of the moral school political thought, and as a representative of the national power at one end. The political thought of utilitarianism, which pays attention to the construction of politics and laws, and the administrative efficiency and the national strength, is accompanied by the political ideology of utilitarianism, and the dispute between morality and utilitarianism has repeatedly appeared in the field of political thought in ancient China and has had a wide and profound impact. This is the inevitable result of the social and political reality of the family organization, clan culture and patriarchal clan consciousness in ancient China.
【作者單位】： 山東大學(xué)歷史文化學(xué)院;
【分類號】：D092

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