本文關(guān)鍵詞： 密爾 自由 少數(shù)派 多數(shù)派　出處：《河北大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在密爾所生活的19世紀(jì),歐洲社會(huì)的政治生活發(fā)生了巨大變動(dòng),是一個(gè)社會(huì)大變革時(shí)期。工業(yè)革命后,新的社會(huì)構(gòu)成呼喚新的民主制度來實(shí)現(xiàn)不只是多數(shù)人的也是少數(shù)人的自由。另外,密爾自幼接受良好教育,優(yōu)越的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)生活環(huán)境使他能夠與當(dāng)時(shí)最出類拔萃的人物進(jìn)行密切的知識(shí)交流,對(duì)這些真理的吸收成為他智力進(jìn)步的最大部分,也是密爾少數(shù)派自由思想的理論淵源。密爾所謂的少數(shù)派指的是社會(huì)精英和婦女,他認(rèn)為社會(huì)精英的自由是極其珍貴的但也最容易受到傷害,沒有社會(huì)地位的婦女是一個(gè)類似少數(shù)派的性別,他用同樣的理論根據(jù)不僅為社會(huì)精英的權(quán)利辯護(hù)也為婦女的自由辯護(hù)。密爾認(rèn)為多數(shù)派統(tǒng)治的民主是虛偽的民主,它侵犯了少數(shù)人的自由,是多數(shù)人對(duì)少數(shù)人的暴政。少數(shù)派自由的真諦就是要擺脫多數(shù)人對(duì)少數(shù)人自由的窒息,充分發(fā)展不只是多數(shù)人的而且也是少數(shù)人的個(gè)體性。密爾強(qiáng)調(diào)在已經(jīng)取得民主政府的權(quán)利之后,代議制政府實(shí)施的措施可以最有效的保障在政治和社會(huì)生活中真正實(shí)現(xiàn)公民自由,使每一個(gè)人的自由都能得以體現(xiàn)。因此,密爾少數(shù)派自由思想并不否認(rèn)洛克和邊沁的自由理論,而是對(duì)前人自由主義精神的進(jìn)一步深化和發(fā)展。作為一個(gè)理論體系,密爾少數(shù)派自由思想良莠不齊,有超越前人的成就,也有啟迪后人的局限,在自由主義發(fā)展史上占有重要地位。
[Abstract]:In 19th century, when Mill lived, great changes took place in the political life of European society, a period of great social change. After the Industrial Revolution. The new social fabric calls for a new democracy to achieve freedom not only for the majority but also for the minority. In addition, Mill was well educated from an early age. The superior middle-class living environment enabled him to communicate closely with the most outstanding figures of the time, and the absorption of these truths became the largest part of his intellectual progress. It is also the theoretical origin of Mill's minority freedom. Mill's so-called minority refers to the social elite and women. He believes that the freedom of the social elite is extremely precious but also the most vulnerable. Women without social status are a minority sex. On the same theoretical basis, he defended not only the rights of the social elite but also the freedoms of women. Mill argued that the democracy ruled by the majority was a hypocritical democracy that violated the freedoms of minorities. It is the tyranny of the majority against the minority. The true meaning of minority freedom is to get rid of the suffocation of the majority on the freedom of the minority. Full development is not only for the majority but also for the minority. Mill stresses that after the right to democratic government has been achieved. The measures implemented by representative government can most effectively guarantee the real realization of civil liberties in political and social life, so that everyone's freedom can be realized. Mill minority freedom thought does not deny Locke and Bentham's freedom theory, but further deepens and develops the former liberalism spirit. As a theoretical system, Mill minority freedom thought is intermingled. There are achievements beyond predecessors, but also enlighten the limitations of posterity, in the history of liberalism plays an important role.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D09

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