本文關(guān)鍵詞： 現(xiàn)代國(guó)家 現(xiàn)代公民 公民精神　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：所謂公民精神,其實(shí)就是指公民應(yīng)當(dāng)具備的基本素養(yǎng)。在不斷演進(jìn)的復(fù)雜歷史中,對(duì)公民基本素養(yǎng)的研究和論述也經(jīng)歷了不斷的發(fā)現(xiàn)、提煉、升華和傳承。隨著現(xiàn)代化的日益深入,現(xiàn)代國(guó)家走向成熟。現(xiàn)代國(guó)家對(duì)公民精神也有了新的要求。在現(xiàn)代社會(huì),作為一個(gè)合格公民應(yīng)該具備四種公民能力：有關(guān)政治現(xiàn)象的認(rèn)知能力；發(fā)現(xiàn)政治知識(shí)、制度創(chuàng)新的能力；將政治知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化為政治行動(dòng)的能力；政治參與(政治溝通。政治合作、政治妥協(xié))的能力。這些公民能力的獲得需要更加完善的現(xiàn)代公民精神的支撐。因此有必要總結(jié)人類政治史上對(duì)公民精神問題的真知灼見,梳理出一套與現(xiàn)代政治生活相適應(yīng)的公民精神體系。筆者研究發(fā)現(xiàn),古希臘城邦時(shí)代是一個(gè)積極公民時(shí)代,現(xiàn)代公民的獨(dú)立性、公共性和寬容性可以在這一時(shí)期找到源頭,因此古希臘時(shí)代可以被看作現(xiàn)代公民精神的溯源地。古希臘的公民理論也是現(xiàn)在公民精神的第一個(gè)理論基礎(chǔ)。文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期通過對(duì)古希臘羅馬時(shí)期文學(xué)藝術(shù)思想的發(fā)掘與改造,催生了“人文主義”。在人文主義的指引下,人的世俗價(jià)值沖破了宗教神圣教條的枷鎖。逐漸把目光由“上帝的領(lǐng)域”轉(zhuǎn)移到“凱撒的世界”的人們開始意識(shí)到作為獨(dú)立的、理性的個(gè)人所擁有的崇高價(jià)值。因此文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的“人文主義”思潮構(gòu)成了現(xiàn)代公民精神的第二個(gè)理論基礎(chǔ)。啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期的理論思想為現(xiàn)代國(guó)家提供了理論支持,對(duì)國(guó)家的起源進(jìn)行了不同以往的闡釋,對(duì)限制政府權(quán)威的方法進(jìn)行了理論上的構(gòu)思。這一時(shí)期是個(gè)人權(quán)利和自由的萌生時(shí)期,也是現(xiàn)代公民理論的破繭時(shí)期。受契約論的影響,在公民、國(guó)家和宗教的互動(dòng)中,公民的公共精神、寬容與妥協(xié)精神以及獨(dú)立精神逐漸豐富完善,因此啟蒙思想就成了現(xiàn)代公民精神的第三個(gè)理論基礎(chǔ)。筆者通過梳理總結(jié),把以古希臘時(shí)期、文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期和啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期有關(guān)公民政治品格的論述為理論基礎(chǔ)的現(xiàn)代公民精神,歸納為一套由公共精神、寬容與妥協(xié)精神和獨(dú)立精神等為主題的現(xiàn)代精神體系。這套精神體系對(duì)于當(dāng)前服務(wù)型政府構(gòu)建、社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和公民文化建設(shè)都具有較高的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:The so-called civic spirit, in fact, refers to the basic literacy citizens should have. In the complex history of continuous evolution, the study and discussion of the basic literacy of citizens has also experienced continuous discovery and refinement. Sublimation and inheritance. With the deepening of modernization, the modern country is maturing. The modern country also has new requirements for the civic spirit. In the modern society. As a qualified citizen, there should be four kinds of civil ability: the cognitive ability of the political phenomenon; The ability to discover political knowledge and institutional innovation; Ability to translate political knowledge into political action; Political participation (political communication. Political cooperation. The ability of political compromise. The acquisition of these civic abilities needs the support of more perfect modern civic spirit. Therefore, it is necessary to sum up the insights on the issue of civic spirit in the history of human politics. The author found that the ancient Greek city-state era was an active citizen age and the independence of modern citizens. Publicity and tolerance can be found in this period. Therefore, the ancient Greek era can be regarded as the source of the modern civic spirit. The ancient Greek citizenship theory is also the first theoretical basis of the present civic spirit. The Renaissance through the ancient Greek and Roman literary and artistic thought. To excavate and transform. Gave birth to "humanism". Under the guidance of humanism. The secular value of man has broken through the shackles of religious sacred dogma, and people who have gradually shifted their eyes from the "realm of God" to the "world of Caesar" have begun to realize their independence. The lofty value of a rational individual. Hence the Renaissance's "humanism." The ideological trend constitutes the second theoretical basis of modern citizenship. The theoretical thought of the Enlightenment provides theoretical support for the modern country. The origin of the state has been interpreted differently, and the method of restricting the authority of the government has been theoretically conceived. This period is the initiation period of individual rights and freedoms. Under the influence of contract theory, the citizen's public spirit, tolerance and compromise spirit and the independent spirit gradually enrich and perfect in the interaction of citizen, state and religion. Therefore, the enlightenment thought has become the third theoretical basis of the modern civic spirit. The modern civic spirit, which is based on the discussion of citizen's political character during the Renaissance and the Enlightenment period, is summed up as a set of public spirit. The spirit of tolerance and compromise and the spirit of independence are the modern spiritual system, which has a high guiding significance for the construction of the service-oriented government, the construction of the socialist market economy and the construction of the citizen culture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D091

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 郝樹鳳;張洪高;;論高校服務(wù)學(xué)習(xí)課程的公民教育功能[J];黑龍江教育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2012年11期

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本文編號(hào)：1489490