本文關鍵詞： 契約論 利益 習慣/習俗 政治義務 大衛(wèi)·休謨　出處：《浙江大學》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：大衛(wèi)·休謨(David Hume,1711-1776)是18世紀英國經(jīng)驗主義者、懷疑論哲學家,其學術旨趣非常廣泛,除哲學外還涉及歷史、政治和經(jīng)濟等領域。與其哲學思想受到的廣泛關注相比,休謨的政治學思想?yún)s長期被忽視了,其中的政治義務學說更是幾乎無人談及。 究其原因,應該說休謨的政治義務學說在很大程度上被其對契約論和同意說(政治義務之所以具有約束力是因為被統(tǒng)治者的自愿接受)的批判所遮蔽了。實際上,休謨對契約論的批判指向的是用契約來解釋權威的本質(zhì)和政治合法化過程,他拒絕政治權威的先驗本質(zhì),強調(diào)為規(guī)范性問題建立經(jīng)驗性基礎。休謨雖然反對政治服從基于“許諾”的約束力的契約論觀點,認為契約論的同意說不能證成人們的政治義務,但是他并未試圖摧毀契約論,他非常關注契約論的道德意義,堅持認為政治義務問題是道德問題。休謨從人性角度出發(fā),認為政治服從是基于利益的考慮和習慣與習俗的作用,采用經(jīng)驗主義的方法對政治義務進行了論證。然而,休謨雖承認在極端情況下人們有反抗權,但是他更強調(diào)在一般情況下人們對政府服從的政治義務,從而把政治義務問題的關注點引向政府設計,這深刻影響了美國憲法的制定。為防止權力濫用,休謨提出了著名的“無賴假定”。 休謨政治義務說兼具契約論和功利主義的特征,但是又不同于同意說和功利主義政治義務理論。休謨的政治義務說留給我們最重要的遺產(chǎn)是其為道德問題提供了一種哲學分析的邏輯框架,休謨的哲學思想和政治學思想是一致的。
[Abstract]:David Hume David Humen 1711-1776) is a British empiricist and skeptic philosopher in 18th century, whose academic interests are very extensive and involve history as well as philosophy. Compared with his philosophical thought, Hume's political thought has been neglected for a long time, and the theory of political obligation has hardly been discussed. Investigate its reason. It should be said that Hume's theory of political obligation is largely obscured by his criticism of the theory of contract and the doctrine of consent (political obligation is binding because of the voluntary acceptance of the governed). Hume's criticism of contract theory points to explaining the essence of authority and the process of political legalization by contract, and he rejects the transcendental nature of political authority. Hume, though opposed to the "promise" based on binding contract theory, believes that the consent of contract theory cannot be proved as the political obligation of people. But he did not try to destroy the contract theory. He paid close attention to the moral meaning of the contract theory and insisted that the issue of political obligation was a moral issue. Hume set out from the angle of human nature. It is believed that political servitude is based on the consideration of interest and the function of custom and custom, and the empirical method is adopted to demonstrate the political obligation. However, Hume admits that people have the right to resist in extreme circumstances. However, he emphasized the political obligation of people to obey the government in general, thus leading the focus of the political obligation to the government design, which deeply influenced the constitution of the United States, in order to prevent abuse of power. Hume put forward the famous "rogue hypothesis". Hume's political obligation theory has the characteristics of both contract theory and utilitarianism. But it is different from the theory of consent and utilitarian political obligation. Hume's theory of political obligation left us the most important legacy is that it provides a logical framework for philosophical analysis of moral issues. Hume's philosophical and political thoughts are consistent.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D091

【引證文獻】

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 徐百軍;共和主義政治義務：一種嘗試性理論建構與邏輯審視[D];吉林大學;2013年

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本文編號：1486058