本文關(guān)鍵詞： 公共理性 建構(gòu)路徑 協(xié)商民主 參與 寬容 公共利益　出處：《南開大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在西方,隨著社會生活越來越呈現(xiàn)出多元化的趨勢,人們在認知、利益、人生理想等方面越來越表現(xiàn)出多元取向,出現(xiàn)了“理性多元論”。面對這種多元化差異的存在,實現(xiàn)社會的良序發(fā)展變得十分迫切,因而公共理性的建構(gòu)問題顯得愈發(fā)重要。公共理性何以可能?公共理性的建構(gòu)路徑是什么?對于這一問題的研究不僅在學(xué)理上十分重要,而且具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。公共理性是當代西方政治哲學(xué)領(lǐng)域的一個核心概念,不同學(xué)者從不同角度對公共理性問題進行了思考和研究。盡管羅爾斯之前的許多思想家對公共理性進行了不同程度、不同視角的研究,但羅爾斯才是公共理性思想的集大成者。目前,國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對羅爾斯公共理性的研究主要集中于“是什么”的層面,缺乏對公共理性建構(gòu)路徑的研究,并且未見從協(xié)商民主視角予以探討。本文試圖深入挖掘羅爾斯的協(xié)商民主思想,同時從公民參與、公民寬容和公共利益的視角分析公共理性達成的前提、保障和關(guān)鍵,從公共理性“何以可能”、“如何建構(gòu)”的層面探究公共理性的建構(gòu)路徑。本文分別從公共理性的內(nèi)在結(jié)構(gòu)和公共理性的協(xié)商特征兩個方面對羅爾斯的公共理性進行界說,關(guān)于內(nèi)在結(jié)構(gòu)方面,羅爾斯的公共理性有其獨特的適用范圍和對應(yīng)的適用主體;關(guān)于協(xié)商特征方面,羅爾斯的公共理性具有相互性、包容性和公共性的協(xié)商精神,是一種融匯多元的共識,是一種立足于價值多元性尋求的平衡點。論文圍繞“如何建構(gòu)公共理性”問題從三方面展開論述:在廣泛的公民參與中構(gòu)建公共理性論壇;在寬容中達成共識,在和諧中趨向合理;在正確處理各種利益關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上實現(xiàn)公共利益的最大化。羅爾斯公共理性的觀念產(chǎn)生了深遠影響和現(xiàn)實意義,諸如本杰明?巴伯、阿米?古特曼、丹尼斯?湯普森以及詹姆斯?博曼都無一例外地受到羅爾斯的影響。但是,羅爾斯在結(jié)合協(xié)商民主思想建構(gòu)公共理性的過程中仍然遇到了困境。這主要表現(xiàn)為兩個方面:首先,理論方面的困境主要是指,羅爾斯對公共理性觀念進行的適用范圍以及適用主體兩方面的限制,這一定程度上導(dǎo)致了協(xié)商性的不足。其次,實踐方面的困境主要是指,結(jié)合協(xié)商民主思想建構(gòu)公共理性時遇到的公民參與、公民寬容以及公共利益方面的困境。只有直面并解決這些問題,公共理性的建構(gòu)將不再是鏡花水月,而是經(jīng)受實踐檢驗并扎根于現(xiàn)實土壤的參天大樹。
[Abstract]:In the West, with the social life showing a more and more diversified trend, people in cognition, interests, life ideals and other aspects of more and more diversified orientation. In the face of this diversity difference, it is very urgent to realize the good order development of society, so the construction of public rationality becomes more and more important. How can public rationality be possible? What is the construction path of public rationality? The research on this issue is not only very important in theory, but also of great practical significance. Public rationality is a core concept in the field of contemporary western political philosophy. Different scholars have thought and studied public rationality from different angles, although many thinkers before Rawls have studied public rationality in different degrees and from different perspectives. But Rawls is the master of public rationality. At present, scholars at home and abroad mainly focus on the "what" level of public rationality, lack of research on the path of public rationality construction. This paper tries to dig into Rawls' thought of deliberative democracy, and analyzes the premise of public rationality from the perspective of citizen participation, citizen tolerance and public interest. Protection and key from public rationality "how possible". This paper defines Rawls' public rationality from two aspects: the internal structure of public rationality and the negotiation characteristics of public rationality. In terms of internal structure, Rawls' public rationality has its unique scope of application and corresponding subject. With regard to the characteristics of negotiation, Rawls' public rationality has the spirit of mutual, inclusive and public negotiation, which is a kind of consensus that combines multiple elements. It is a kind of balance point based on value pluralism. The thesis discusses the problem of "how to construct public rationality" from three aspects: constructing public rational forum in the extensive citizen participation; To reach consensus in tolerance and to be reasonable in harmony; Realize the maximization of public interest on the basis of dealing with all kinds of interests correctly. Rawls' concept of public rationality has profound influence and practical significance, such as Benjamin? Barber, Ami? Gutman, Dennis? Thompson and James? Bowman was influenced by Rawls without exception. However, Rawls still encountered difficulties in the process of constructing public rationality with the idea of deliberative democracy. This was mainly manifested in two aspects: first of all. The theoretical dilemma mainly refers to Rawls' limitations on the scope of application of the concept of public rationality and the application of the subject, which to some extent led to the lack of negotiation. Secondly. The practical dilemma mainly refers to the civil participation, civil tolerance and public interest difficulties encountered in the construction of public rationality with the idea of deliberative democracy. Only to face and solve these problems. The construction of public rationality is no longer a mirror flower, but a towering tree tested by practice and rooted in the real soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D091

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