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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：彌爾頓共和主義思想研究　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 約翰·彌爾頓 政治思想 共和主義

【摘要】：英國(guó)文明一向以保守著稱。在英國(guó)近代歷史上,國(guó)內(nèi)較少發(fā)生流血沖突或暴力變革。然而17世紀(jì)確是個(gè)例外,是素來保守的英國(guó)歷史上少有的激烈動(dòng)蕩的年代。他們發(fā)動(dòng)內(nèi)戰(zhàn),處死國(guó)王,各種利益群體紛紛站出來表達(dá)自己的政治訴求。作為具有戰(zhàn)斗精神的政治思想家,約翰·彌爾頓的共和思想在時(shí)代的大背景下應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。作為誅殺暴君和共和國(guó)的辯護(hù)者,彌爾頓與國(guó)內(nèi)外各種反動(dòng)勢(shì)力展開激烈論戰(zhàn),創(chuàng)作了一系列政論文和小冊(cè)子,積極為共和國(guó)搖旗吶喊。彌爾頓的共和主義政治思想對(duì)號(hào)召人民支持革命和共和國(guó)的事業(yè)產(chǎn)生巨大作用；同時(shí)彌爾頓的共和主義政治思想承上啟下,在英國(guó)共和思想的系譜上發(fā)揮重大作用。本文分為三章,主要內(nèi)容如下：第一章主要闡述彌爾頓共和主義思想的形成背景,主要從社會(huì)生活背景、個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷和思想文化背景、彌爾頓從詩人到政論家的人生選擇三個(gè)方面展開。英國(guó)的政治沖突一直存在,但是斯圖亞特王朝的繼任者們不合時(shí)宜的要求擴(kuò)大王權(quán),追求“君權(quán)神授”。查理一世缺乏政治敏感,忽視議會(huì)和人民的意愿,企圖把“君權(quán)神授”的思想付諸實(shí)踐,最終演變成一場(chǎng)波及面極廣的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。彌爾頓受過良好教育,深受古典共和主義的熏陶,作為一系列重要事件的親歷者,他與動(dòng)蕩的國(guó)家局勢(shì)碰撞出精彩的共和主義思想火花。彌爾頓一度放棄寫詩,全身心投入到共和國(guó)的事業(yè)中,為此付出寶貴的視力。在查理二世復(fù)辟時(shí)期,仍然通過詩歌隱晦的表達(dá)共和主義的政治主張。第二章是全文的主體,主要論述彌爾頓的共和主義思想體系。首先,彌爾頓為新生的共和國(guó)辯護(hù),力圖擊退保皇派的污蔑和進(jìn)攻。他歷數(shù)查理一世的罪名：暴君、叛國(guó)者、殺人犯和本國(guó)善良人民之公敵,論述審判國(guó)王的傳統(tǒng)和依據(jù),得出結(jié)論人民是國(guó)王的合法審判者。其次,他闡述建設(shè)共和國(guó)的主張。創(chuàng)立國(guó)家和政府的目的是為人民謀利益,因此政府必須充分代表人民的意愿。共和國(guó)由人民選出的代表管理國(guó)家,是最理想的政府形式。即便是共和國(guó)政府,只是暫時(shí)代表人民行使管理國(guó)家的權(quán)力,人民始終是權(quán)力的所有者。第三章,主要分析彌爾頓共和主義思想的影響和局限。彌爾頓出任共和國(guó)的拉丁文秘書,親身實(shí)踐,他的共和主義政治思想對(duì)英國(guó)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命起到引導(dǎo)輿論的作用。但是,因?yàn)闀r(shí)代和彌爾頓自身的因素,他的思想并非是完美無缺的,而是具有一定程度的局限性。首先是彌爾頓的精英主義情懷,他雖然主張人民的利益,卻不是平等主義者；其次,他對(duì)所謂的“精英”的無條件信任,導(dǎo)致對(duì)終身制的議員缺少監(jiān)督；最后,彌爾頓的政論文更多是應(yīng)對(duì)時(shí)事的急就章,這就導(dǎo)致他的共和主義政治思想不可避免的缺少系統(tǒng)性。結(jié)語部分是對(duì)全文的總結(jié),盡管彌爾頓的思想存在局限性,但是他的共和主義思想仍然具有深遠(yuǎn)的意義。英國(guó)政治的發(fā)展走向,證明彌爾頓的共和主義政治思想的重大影響；彌爾頓的共和主義政治思想本身就是共和主義思想系譜上的重要一環(huán),他受益于前代共和主義者,同時(shí)他的思想又深刻的影響到后繼的共和主義者；最后,中國(guó)作為新生的共和國(guó),正在進(jìn)行建設(shè)中國(guó)的偉大工程,對(duì)彌爾頓的共和主義思想系統(tǒng)的分析有利于我們借鑒其中積極的因素,推動(dòng)我國(guó)政治體制的變革。
[Abstract]:The British civilization has always been known conservative. In modern British history, domestic less bloodshed or violence. However, conflict and change in seventeenth Century really is an exception, which is rare in the history of the British Conservative violent era. They launched a civil war, the king's death, various interest groups have stood up to express their political aspirations as. With the fighting spirit of the political thinker, John Milton's republicanism emerged in the context of the times. As the tyrannicide and Republic defender, Milton and the domestic and foreign reactionary forces launched a fierce debate, created a series of essays and pamphlets, positive for the Republic to drum up support. Milton's Republican political thought greatly to call on the people to support the revolution and the cause of the Republic; at the same time, Milton's Republican political thought in the following English Play a major role in pedigree and on the idea of. This paper is divided into three chapters, the main contents are as follows: the first chapter mainly elaborates the formation background of Milton's republicanism, mainly from the social background, personal experience and cultural background, Milton from poet to commentator life three aspects. The British political conflict has existed however, the Stuart Dynasty's successors for expanding kingship be inopportune or inappropriate, the pursuit of "divine right". Charlie's lack of political sensitivity, Parliament and ignore the wishes of the people, to the "divine right of kings" thought into practice, eventually evolved into a very wide ramifications in the civil war. Milton was educated, very classic the influence of republicanism, as a series of important events of the witnesses, he and the turbulent situation in the country the collision of wonderful republicanism Milton sparks. Give up of poetry, devoted to the cause of the Republic, to pay the precious sight. In the period of the restoration of Charlie II, still obscure expression through poetry republicanism politics. The second chapter is the main part of the thesis, republicanism system mainly discusses Milton. First, Milton defended the New Republic, to click the surrender of slander and attack. The emperor sent him Charlie I enumerate counts: tyrant, traitors, murderers and enemies of their good people, this trial King tradition and the basis of the conclusion, people are the king's legitimate judge. Secondly, he described the building of the Republic claims. Founded the state and government to for the people's interests, so the government must fully reflect the will of the people. The Republic representatives elected by the people to manage the country, is the ideal form of government. Even the government of the Republic of China, only Is the temporary management on behalf of the people exercise state power, people always is the owner of the power. In the third chapter, it mainly analyzes the influence of Milton's republicanism and limitations. Milton served as secretary of the Latin Republic, personal practice, his Republican political thought and to guide public opinion on the role of the British bourgeois revolution. However, because the factors of age and Milton own, his thought is not the pink of perfection, but has a certain degree of limitation. The first is Milton's feelings of elitism, although he claims the interests of the people, but is not egalitarian; secondly, his unconditional trust in the so-called "elite", lead to lifelong members of the lack of supervision; finally Milton's essays, more is to deal with the current rush, which led to his Republican political thought inevitable lack of systematic conclusion. Part is a summary of Milton's thoughts, despite the limitations, but his republicanism thought still has far-reaching significance. To the development of British politics, prove the great influence that Milton Republican political thought; Milton's Republican political thought of republicanism itself is an important part of the pedigree, he benefited from the previous generation of republicanism at the same time, his thought and profound influence to subsequent republicanism; finally, Chinese as the New Republic, great engineering construction Chinese ongoing analysis of Milton's republicanism system helps us learn from the positive factors, promoting China's political system reform.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D091

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