本文關(guān)鍵詞：18世紀(jì)法國(guó)空想社會(huì)主義思想的休閑學(xué)探析　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：空想社會(huì)主義思想,本質(zhì)上來(lái)說(shuō)是對(duì)人的道德精神狀態(tài)、人的生活目的、人的存在方式的探討,在18世紀(jì)法國(guó)空想家的眼里,批判現(xiàn)實(shí)、創(chuàng)造未來(lái)的根本目的,是實(shí)現(xiàn)人的解放,使每一個(gè)人擺脫制度、階級(jí)下的不平等,擺脫道德墮落、精神萎靡的人性狀態(tài),實(shí)現(xiàn)積極樂(lè)觀的生活,找到人生的根本意義,這與休閑學(xué)的核心具有相通之處。因此,從休閑學(xué)視角重新梳理18世紀(jì)法國(guó)空想社會(huì)主義思想,可以更好地挖掘其中被忽略的價(jià)值,也可以更好的認(rèn)識(shí)科學(xué)社會(huì)主義思想中的休閑價(jià)值,還可以對(duì)解決當(dāng)代社會(huì)人性危機(jī),幫助人們展開(kāi)真正的休閑生活,構(gòu)建全民休閑社會(huì)提供價(jià)值和啟示。從休閑學(xué)的視角來(lái)看,18世紀(jì)法國(guó)空想家對(duì)現(xiàn)存社會(huì)的批判,實(shí)質(zhì)上是對(duì)有閑階級(jí)的批判；他們所構(gòu)想的未來(lái)社會(huì),實(shí)質(zhì)上是一個(gè)全民休閑社會(huì)�？障爰覀冇么罅康恼Z(yǔ)言文字對(duì)休閑權(quán)利不平等的現(xiàn)象與有閑階級(jí)奢靡浪費(fèi)的休閑進(jìn)行了描述與批判,表達(dá)了自己強(qiáng)烈的不滿與憤怒,在此基礎(chǔ)上,指出私有制是產(chǎn)生有閑階級(jí)和勞動(dòng)階級(jí)對(duì)立分化的根本原因,并揭示了以私有制為基礎(chǔ)的政治制度的虛偽性,指出私有制基礎(chǔ)上的封建專(zhuān)制制度和資產(chǎn)階級(jí)政治制度是維護(hù)統(tǒng)治者特權(quán)、剝削人民的工具,是有閑階級(jí)享有休閑特權(quán)的保障。他們的批判雖然沒(méi)有觸及到核心問(wèn)題,但它為促進(jìn)工人階級(jí)覺(jué)醒,研究社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)律都提供了珍貴的材料。18世紀(jì)法國(guó)空想家對(duì)未來(lái)社會(huì)進(jìn)行了設(shè)想,希望建造一個(gè)每個(gè)人都幸福的社會(huì),在這個(gè)社會(huì)中人們都以公共福利為出發(fā)點(diǎn),自主自由的勞動(dòng),人人平等,共享休閑,互幫互助,樂(lè)于行善,這是一個(gè)全面發(fā)展的、人本的、文化的、和諧的、道德的、幸福的社會(huì),包含了豐富的、有時(shí)代特點(diǎn)的休閑特征。盡管他們沒(méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)到休閑規(guī)律和人類(lèi)社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)律,不清楚實(shí)現(xiàn)全面休閑社會(huì)的核心在于自由時(shí)間,沒(méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)到進(jìn)行社會(huì)變革的途徑和力量,所提出的設(shè)想具有很多局限性,顯得空想味十足,但這些想法為馬克思、恩格斯創(chuàng)立科學(xué)社會(huì)主義休閑思想提供了借鑒材料。18世紀(jì)法國(guó)空想社會(huì)主義思想閃現(xiàn)著獨(dú)特的人性光輝,他們關(guān)注勞苦大眾,呼吁人人平等,注重法律、制度建設(shè),重視勞動(dòng)和人的發(fā)展,向往和諧友善環(huán)境的想法,都對(duì)當(dāng)代中國(guó)社會(huì)休閑化進(jìn)程的推進(jìn)有重要啟示。當(dāng)前中國(guó)社會(huì)休閑化進(jìn)程取得了巨大成就,但社會(huì)對(duì)休閑的理解還存在很多誤區(qū),公民的休閑權(quán)利仍然沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)公平落實(shí),休閑生活沒(méi)有完全展開(kāi),希望今后在推動(dòng)休閑發(fā)展中注重人的全面發(fā)展、推進(jìn)休閑權(quán)利公平實(shí)現(xiàn)、推廣積極健康的休閑方式。
[Abstract]:In 18th century, the thought of utopian socialism, in the eyes of the French dreamers, criticizes the reality of the moral and spiritual state, the purpose of human life and the way of existence of human beings. The fundamental purpose of creating the future is to realize the liberation of human beings, to make everyone get rid of the system, the inequality under the class, the moral depravity, the depressed spirit of human nature, and to realize the positive and optimistic life. To find the fundamental meaning of life, which has something in common with the core of leisure science. Therefore, from the perspective of leisure science to rearrange the French utopian socialist thought in 18th century, we can better excavate the neglected value. Can also better understand the value of leisure in the scientific socialist thought, but also to solve the crisis of human nature in contemporary society, to help people develop a real leisure life. From the perspective of leisure science, the 18th century French utopian critique of the existing society is essentially a criticism of the leisure class; Their vision of the future society is essentially a national leisure society. Visionaries describe and criticize the phenomenon of inequality of leisure rights and the extravagant and wasteful leisure of the idle class with a large number of words and languages. On this basis, the author points out that private ownership is the fundamental cause of the division between the idle class and the working class, and reveals the hypocrisy of the political system based on private ownership. It is pointed out that the feudal autocratic system and bourgeois political system based on private ownership are the tools to safeguard the privileges of rulers and exploit the people. Their criticism does not touch on the core issues, but it promotes the awakening of the working class. The study of the laws of social development has provided valuable materials. 18th century French dreamers conceived the future of society, hoping to build a happy society for everyone. In this society, people take public welfare as the starting point, independent and free labor, everyone is equal, sharing leisure, helping each other, willing to do good, this is an all-round development, people-oriented, cultural, harmonious. A moral, happy society contains rich, contemporary characteristics of leisure, although they do not recognize the laws of leisure and the development of human society. It is not clear that the core of realizing a comprehensive leisure society is free time, do not recognize the way and power of social change, the proposed ideas have many limitations, appear to be full of fantasy. But these ideas provided reference materials for Marx and Engels to create the scientific socialism leisure thought. The 18th century French utopian socialism thought flashed with the unique humanity brilliance, they paid close attention to the laboring masses. Call on everyone to be equal, pay attention to law, system construction, pay attention to labor and human development, yearn for the idea of harmonious and friendly environment. Both of them have important implications for the process of leisure in contemporary China. Great achievements have been made in the process of social leisure in China at present, but there are still many misunderstandings in the understanding of leisure in the society. Citizens' leisure rights have not been implemented fairly and leisure life has not been fully developed. We hope that in the future we will pay attention to the overall development of people and promote the fair realization of leisure rights. Promote positive and healthy leisure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D091.6

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