【摘要】：鐵道愛(ài)護(hù)村是日偽統(tǒng)治時(shí)期，由關(guān)東軍控制，滿鐵組織實(shí)施的將鐵道沿線兩側(cè)五千米范圍內(nèi)的全部農(nóng)村改造成以維護(hù)東北鐵道安全，保證軍事、經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)輸，為日本提供情報(bào)為目的，具有軍事性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性和思想奴化性的特殊基層行政村。 九一八事變后，日本武裝占領(lǐng)東北，并通過(guò)偽滿政權(quán)攫取了東北鐵路修筑權(quán)與經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)。日本利用鐵路修筑權(quán)，拓寬侵略范圍，深入東北農(nóng)村腹地，利用鐵路經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)掠奪所需的經(jīng)濟(jì)資源和運(yùn)送軍事物資。鐵路運(yùn)輸不僅幫助日本強(qiáng)化在東北的政治殖民統(tǒng)治，鐵路部門本身也直接參與軍事殖民活動(dòng)。東北抗日軍民展開(kāi)破壞鐵路的斗爭(zhēng)。盡管日偽政府采取各種手段、措施，阻礙、鎮(zhèn)壓東北軍民的破路斗爭(zhēng)，但收效甚微。日偽政府為了維護(hù)通過(guò)鐵路進(jìn)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)掠奪與軍事擴(kuò)張,1933年6月，關(guān)東軍決議通過(guò)滿鐵鐵路總局對(duì)鐵路沿線居民推廣鐵道愛(ài)護(hù)村運(yùn)動(dòng)。1935年，從日本內(nèi)地遷移而來(lái)的日本村民與東北退役的日本軍人在鐵道沿線兩側(cè)兩千米范圍內(nèi)設(shè)立的鐵道自警村也屬于鐵道愛(ài)護(hù)村范疇。 縱觀鐵道愛(ài)護(hù)村發(fā)展的整個(gè)歷程，滿鐵鐵路總局力圖將鐵道愛(ài)護(hù)村這一形式擴(kuò)展到其掌控的所有東北鐵路沿線乃至整個(gè)偽滿洲國(guó)。其在鐵道愛(ài)護(hù)村發(fā)展過(guò)程中，打破原有農(nóng)村以血緣和家庭關(guān)系維系的“戶”的家庭模式，按年齡和性別將鐵道愛(ài)護(hù)村劃分為若干組織。1938年鐵道愛(ài)護(hù)村改稱鐵道愛(ài)護(hù)團(tuán)，其組織化程度進(jìn)一步加深。鐵道愛(ài)護(hù)村的發(fā)展過(guò)程亦是走向組織化的過(guò)程。 鐵道愛(ài)護(hù)村一經(jīng)建立，滿鐵鐵路總局便將愛(ài)路警備工作確定為鐵道愛(ài)護(hù)村發(fā)展的核心宗旨，在將原有村屯農(nóng)業(yè)性質(zhì)弱化的基礎(chǔ)上，逐步強(qiáng)化作為警備鐵道的村屯性質(zhì)，企圖將村民從對(duì)土地的依附狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)﹁F路的依附狀態(tài)，使之徹底成為真正意義上的“鐵道愛(ài)護(hù)村”，鐵道愛(ài)護(hù)村呈現(xiàn)出“警主農(nóng)次”的特有村屯形態(tài)。 宣傳工作與警備工作并重，其貫穿鐵道愛(ài)護(hù)村發(fā)展始終，成為滿鐵鐵路總局引導(dǎo)鐵道愛(ài)護(hù)村發(fā)展的重要輿論導(dǎo)向，，并通過(guò)這種逐步滲透宣傳的“軟侵略”奴化鐵道愛(ài)護(hù)村村民。日偽通過(guò)鐵道愛(ài)護(hù)村運(yùn)動(dòng)，達(dá)到了政治殖民統(tǒng)治、經(jīng)濟(jì)掠奪、軍事運(yùn)輸和思想奴化的目的，鐵道愛(ài)護(hù)村所在地成為日本獲取抗日信息的“情報(bào)站”和宣揚(yáng)殖民思想的“講授地”。這些行為大大加深了鐵道愛(ài)護(hù)村的殖民特征，使鐵道愛(ài)護(hù)村成為集政治、軍事、經(jīng)濟(jì)、思想文化殖民特性于一體的特殊村屯。
[Abstract]:During the period of Japanese puppet rule, the railway love village was controlled by Guandong Army and organized by Manchu Railway to transform all the countryside within 5,000 meters along the railway into a special grass-roots administrative village with military, economic and ideological enslavement for the purpose of maintaining the safety of the northeast railway, ensuring military and economic transportation, and providing information for Japan. After the September 18 incident, Japanese armed forces occupied Northeast China and seized the right to build and operate the Northeast Railway through the pseudo-Manchu regime. Japan makes use of railway construction rights, broadens the scope of aggression, goes deep into the rural hinterland of Northeast China, and uses railway management rights to plunder the necessary economic resources and transport military materials. Railway transportation not only helps Japan strengthen its political colonial rule in Northeast China, but also directly participates in military colonization. The anti-Japanese army and the people in Northeast China waged a struggle to destroy the railway. Although the Japanese pseudo-government has taken various measures to hinder and suppress the road-breaking struggle between the army and the people in Northeast China, it has had little effect. In order to maintain the economic plunder and military expansion by railway, in June 1933, Guan Dongjun decided to promote the railway love village movement to the residents along the railway through the General Administration of Manchu Railway. In 1935, the railway self-police village, which was set up within 2,000 meters between the two sides of the railway line between the Japanese villagers and the retired Japanese soldiers in the northeast, also belongs to the scope of the railway love village. Throughout the whole course of the development of railway love villages, the General Administration of Manchu Railway tries to extend the form of railway love villages to all the northeast railways under its control and even to the whole pseudo-Manchukuo state. In the process of the development of railway love village, it broke the original family model of "family" maintained by consanguinity and family relationship in rural areas, and divided the railway love village into several organizations according to age and sex. In 1938, the railway love village was renamed railway love group, and its organization degree was further deepened. The development process of railway loving the village is also a process of organization. Once the railway love village is established, the General Administration of Manchu Railway defines the love road police work as the core purpose of the development of the railway love village. On the basis of weakening the agricultural nature of the original village, it gradually strengthens the village nature as the police railway, and attempts to change the villagers' dependence on the land to the dependence on the railway, so that it can completely become the "railway love village" in the real sense. Railway love village presents the unique village form of "warning owner and farmer". Propaganda and police work pay equal attention to the development of railway love villages, which runs through the development of railway love villages all the time, and becomes an important direction of public opinion to guide the development of railway love villages by the General Administration of Manchu Railway, and through this kind of "soft aggression", which gradually infiltrates propaganda, enslaves the villagers of the villages. Through the railway love village movement, the Japanese puppet achieved the purpose of political colonial rule, economic plunder, military transportation and ideological enslavement. The location of the railway love village became the "information station" for Japan to obtain anti-Japanese information and the "teaching place" for promoting colonial thought. These behaviors greatly deepen the colonial characteristics of railway love villages and make the railway love villages a special village with political, military, economic, ideological and cultural colonial characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：K265

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