【摘要】：民國前期湖南政局動(dòng)蕩,軍閥混戰(zhàn),水旱災(zāi)害頻發(fā),天災(zāi)人禍終導(dǎo)致湖南疫災(zāi)肆虐,嚴(yán)重危害到湘省民眾的健康和生命。面對疫災(zāi)的侵犯,省政府采取了比較積極地防治對策和措施。為了及時(shí)控制和消滅瘟疫,迅速成立了臨時(shí)防疫組織,指揮疫病救治工作,逐漸形成湖南衛(wèi)生行政機(jī)構(gòu)的雛形,包括湖南衛(wèi)生科、臨時(shí)衛(wèi)生隊(duì)、臨時(shí)衛(wèi)生防疫處等防疫機(jī)構(gòu)。在救治疫病的過程中,湖南衛(wèi)生防疫體系逐步形成,政府以及各種社會(huì)衛(wèi)生防疫組織都積極參與救治工作,起到一定的作用。 民國前期湘省政府和社會(huì)各界都積極采取各種手段應(yīng)對疫災(zāi)。政府成立臨時(shí)防疫處為防治疫病提供技術(shù)支持和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)指揮作用;防疫法規(guī)的制定和頒布,疫情匯報(bào)制度形成,為預(yù)防疫病提供嚴(yán)格制度保障;防疫醫(yī)院的建立,積極救治疫病患者,挽救了無數(shù)生命;交通管制和隔離的實(shí)行、清潔消毒與消除害蟲并重,有效的控制疫情蔓延;疫病預(yù)防救治知識的普及和宣傳,為人民提供了一個(gè)了解、認(rèn)識疫病的平臺,進(jìn)而能較好的進(jìn)行自我防范。預(yù)防接種牛痘逐漸被大眾接受,極大的降低了死亡率,打開了人們的眼界。這些舉措的實(shí)施,增強(qiáng)了政府衛(wèi)生防疫職能,形成了一套較為分工明確和系統(tǒng)化的近代公共衛(wèi)生機(jī)制。對防疫事業(yè)的發(fā)展起到了巨大作用。 民國前期湖南防疫措施具有鮮明的近代色彩。防疫理念由被動(dòng)逐漸向主動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)變;現(xiàn)代交通、信息技術(shù)應(yīng)用于防疫;西醫(yī)西藥在防疫作用中的凸顯;防疫過程中官方主導(dǎo),社會(huì)化趨勢加強(qiáng)。這些都表明湖南衛(wèi)生防疫事業(yè)在逐漸邁向近代化,是社會(huì)文明與進(jìn)步的一種表現(xiàn)。總之,民國前期湖南衛(wèi)生防疫事業(yè)取得了一定的成就,雖然存在著某些不足,但在當(dāng)時(shí)有限的技術(shù)和財(cái)力下,能逐步形成了一套以政府為主導(dǎo)的近代防疫機(jī)制,給整個(gè)社會(huì)和人民防疫觀念和行為帶來了深遠(yuǎn)影響。
[Abstract]:In the early period of the Republic of China, the political situation in Hunan Province was turbulent, warlords were at war, floods and droughts occurred frequently, and natural and man-made disasters eventually led to the outbreak of epidemic disasters in Hunan Province, seriously endangering the health and life of the people in Hunan Province. In the face of the invasion of epidemic disasters, the provincial government has taken more active countermeasures and measures. In order to control and eliminate the plague in time, a temporary epidemic prevention organization was set up quickly to direct the treatment of epidemic diseases, and gradually formed the embryonic form of Hunan health administration organization, including Hunan Health Department, temporary Health team, temporary Health Prevention Department and so on. In the course of treating epidemic diseases, Hunan health and epidemic prevention system has gradually formed, the government and various social health and epidemic prevention organizations are actively involved in the treatment work, and play a certain role in the treatment. In the early period of the Republic of China, the government of Hunan Province and all walks of life took all kinds of measures to deal with the epidemic. The government has set up temporary epidemic prevention department to provide technical support and leading command for the prevention and control of epidemic diseases, the formulation and promulgation of epidemic prevention laws and regulations, the formation of epidemic situation reporting system, and the provision of strict system protection for the prevention of epidemic diseases; The establishment of epidemic prevention hospital has saved countless lives by actively treating the epidemic patients, carrying out traffic control and isolation, paying equal attention to cleaning and disinfecting and eliminating pests, and effectively controlling the spread of epidemic situation. The popularization and propaganda of the knowledge of epidemic prevention and treatment provide the people with a platform for understanding and understanding the epidemic disease, so that they can better carry out self-prevention. Vaccination has gradually been accepted by the public, greatly reducing the mortality rate, opened people's eyes. The implementation of these measures strengthened the function of government health and epidemic prevention and formed a set of modern public health mechanism with clear division of labor and systematization. It has played a great role in the development of epidemic prevention. Hunan epidemic prevention measures in the early period of the Republic of China have a bright modern color. The concept of epidemic prevention is gradually changing from passive to active; modern traffic, information technology is used in epidemic prevention; Western medicine and western medicine play a prominent role in epidemic prevention; the official-led and socialized trend is strengthened in the process of epidemic prevention. All of these indicate that Hunan health and epidemic prevention is gradually moving towards modernization, which is a manifestation of social civilization and progress. In short, Hunan has made some achievements in the cause of health and epidemic prevention in the early period of the Republic of China. Although there are some deficiencies, under the limited technical and financial resources at that time, a set of modern anti-epidemic mechanisms led by the government was gradually formed. It has brought far-reaching influence to the whole society and people's conception and behavior of epidemic prevention.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K258

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