人民公社時期河北省農(nóng)業(yè)機械化運動研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-26 13:07
【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展離不開農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)工具的變革。農(nóng)業(yè)機械化是農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的一個重要標志，代表著農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展水平。農(nóng)業(yè)機械的普遍應(yīng)用一方面有助于糧食增產(chǎn)，增加農(nóng)民收入，確保國家糧食安全，另一方面可以減輕農(nóng)民的勞動強度，達到解放勞動力的目的，從而在很大程度上促進農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟的繁榮發(fā)展，保證國民經(jīng)濟的健康發(fā)展。早在建國初期，為了恢復(fù)長期戰(zhàn)爭對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的破壞，中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)農(nóng)民增補舊式農(nóng)具，逐步改良農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)工具，從而促進了農(nóng)業(yè)的恢復(fù)和發(fā)展。20世紀50年代末到60年代初，在農(nóng)業(yè)合作化時期，尤其是人民公社化運動后，按照毛澤東提出的“先合作化，后機械化”的發(fā)展道路，推廣新式農(nóng)具，引進和仿制農(nóng)業(yè)機械，我國開始了轟轟烈烈的農(nóng)業(yè)機械化運動。 本文是在總結(jié)前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上，始終堅持以馬克思的辯證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義作為理論指導(dǎo)，采用系統(tǒng)研究方法，從宏觀方面看人民公社化時期的政策導(dǎo)向；兼有跨學(xué)科的研究方法，綜合政治學(xué)、歷史學(xué)等學(xué)科有關(guān)理論和方法，以及社會史、計量史學(xué)等研究方法，采取定量分析法，進行數(shù)據(jù)分析，豐富論證手段，增強論證力度。并且選取河北省的農(nóng)業(yè)機械化運動作為微觀考察對象，研究其在人民公社這一特殊時期的發(fā)展歷程。 本文共分為五個部分。第一部分是緒論，主要論述了課題的提出及研究意義，相關(guān)的研究綜述，研究方法，邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)以及對相關(guān)概念的界定。 第二部分主要是分析了河北省農(nóng)業(yè)機械化運動的歷史背景，包括有河北的地理狀況，對人民公社建立之前河北的農(nóng)業(yè)機械的發(fā)展和河北省人民公社運動的發(fā)展進行論述，重點是在全國大背景下分析了人民公社時期推行農(nóng)業(yè)機械化運動的原因。文章認為，推行農(nóng)業(yè)機械化運動既是客觀生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展、減輕勞動強度的需要，也是國家政策、輿論推動的結(jié)果。 第三部分是本文的主體部分，將人民公社時期分三個階段，概述了河北地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機械化運動在不同階段的發(fā)展狀況，概括出農(nóng)業(yè)機械化運動經(jīng)歷的兩次高潮到最后退潮的過程。群眾性的農(nóng)具改良運動和以滾珠軸承化為標志的半機械化運動掀起農(nóng)業(yè)機械化運動的第一次高潮；六、七十年代國家召開的三次農(nóng)機會議將全國推向農(nóng)業(yè)機械化運動的第二次高潮,為“1980年基本上實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)機械化”這一目標而奮斗；1978年十一屆三中全會以后，開始理性看待農(nóng)業(yè)機械化的發(fā)展，農(nóng)業(yè)機械化運動進入退潮階段，農(nóng)業(yè)機械由全部集體經(jīng)營逐漸轉(zhuǎn)為以個人經(jīng)營為主。 第四部分是對人民公社時期河北省農(nóng)業(yè)機械化運動進行評價。本文試圖打破以往理論界對人民公社體制的一個偏見，客觀的評價人民公社體制對農(nóng)業(yè)機械化的推動作用，在國家的積極支持下，農(nóng)業(yè)機械化得到前所未有的發(fā)展。同時我們也不能忽略人民公社體制中過嚴過死的命令式政策所造成的一些不良影響，力圖還原一個真實的歷史狀況。 最后一部分是對全文的總結(jié)。 本文通過對人民公社時期河北農(nóng)業(yè)機械化運動的研究，以小見大，力求對人民公社時期的農(nóng)業(yè)機械化運動高潮做出客觀的歷史評價，探尋農(nóng)業(yè)機械化的發(fā)展歷程，從中吸取經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)，從而積極應(yīng)對現(xiàn)實問題，正確把握農(nóng)村改革方向，以便切實解決好“三農(nóng)”問題，對建設(shè)有中國特色的社會主義新農(nóng)村，，實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化有重大的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:The development of agriculture is inseparable from the change of agricultural production tools. Agricultural mechanization is an important symbol of agricultural modernization and represents the level of agricultural development. The universal application of the agricultural machine helps to increase the grain yield, increase the income of the farmers, ensure the national food security, and on the other hand, can reduce the labor intensity of the farmers and achieve the purpose of freeing the labor force, thereby promoting the prosperity and development of the rural economy to a great extent, To ensure the healthy development of the national economy. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to restore the destruction of the agricultural production in the long-term war, the Communist Party of China led the farmers to supplement the old-style farm tools and gradually improve the agricultural production tools, thus promoting the recovery and development of agriculture. In particular, after the people's public and social movement, according to the development road of the "pre-cooperation and post-mechanization" put forward by Mao Zedong, the new agricultural tools, the introduction and the imitation of agricultural machinery have been promoted, and China has started a vigorous and vigorous agricultural mechanization movement. This paper, on the basis of summing up the previous research results, has always adhered to the dialectical materialism and historical materialism of Marx as the theoretical guidance. The system research method is adopted to view the policy guidance of the people's public social and social period from the macro aspect, and has a cross-disciplinary study party. The research methods, such as the law, the comprehensive political science, the history, etc., and the research methods such as the social history, the measurement history, etc., adopt the quantitative analysis method, carry on the data analysis, enrich the demonstration means, and enhance the demonstration force. In order to study the development of the special period of the people's commune, the agricultural mechanization in Hebei province is selected as the object of the micro-examination. Cheng. This article is divided into five. The first part is the introduction, which mainly discusses the development of the subject, the research significance, the relevant research, the research method, the logical structure and the related concept. The second part mainly analyses the historical background of the agricultural mechanization in Hebei province, including the geographical status of Hebei, the development of the agricultural machinery in Hebei and the development of the people's commune in Hebei province before the establishment of the people's commune. The focus of the exhibition is to analyze the agricultural mechanization in the people's commune period under the great background of the country The reason of the movement is that the implementation of the agricultural mechanization is not only the objective productivity development, the need of reducing the labor intensity, but also the national policy and the public opinion. The third part is the main part of this paper, which divides the period of the people's communes into three stages, and summarizes the development of the agricultural mechanization in different stages of the Hebei region, and summarizes the two high tide of the agricultural mechanization. The process of the last ebb tide is the first high tide of the agricultural mechanization in the mass-mass agricultural implement movement and the semi-mechanized movement of the ball bearing as the mark, and the three agricultural machinery meetings held in the country in the 1970s to push the whole country to the agricultural mechanization transportation After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 1978, the development of agricultural mechanization began to be viewed rationally, the agricultural mechanization moved into the ebb-flow phase, and the agricultural machinery was gradually changed from the whole to the collective operation The fourth part is the agriculture of Hebei province in the period of people's commune This paper attempts to break a bias in the system of the people's communes in the past, and to evaluate the effect of the system of the people's communes on the mechanization of the agricultural mechanization. At the same time, we can't ignore some of the negative effects caused by the excessive and severe command-type policies in the people's communes system and try to restore A real historical condition. The latter part is a summary of the full text. This paper, through the study of the agricultural mechanization in Hebei province during the period of the people's commune, makes an objective historical evaluation on the high tide of the agricultural mechanization during the people's commune period, and explores the agricultural mechanization. The course of development is to draw lessons from it, so as to actively deal with the real problems and correctly grasp the direction of the rural reform so as to effectively solve the good "rural and rural areas" problems, and to realize the present situation of the new socialist countryside with Chinese characteristics and the realization of agriculture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K27;F323.3
本文編號：2447573
[Abstract]:The development of agriculture is inseparable from the change of agricultural production tools. Agricultural mechanization is an important symbol of agricultural modernization and represents the level of agricultural development. The universal application of the agricultural machine helps to increase the grain yield, increase the income of the farmers, ensure the national food security, and on the other hand, can reduce the labor intensity of the farmers and achieve the purpose of freeing the labor force, thereby promoting the prosperity and development of the rural economy to a great extent, To ensure the healthy development of the national economy. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to restore the destruction of the agricultural production in the long-term war, the Communist Party of China led the farmers to supplement the old-style farm tools and gradually improve the agricultural production tools, thus promoting the recovery and development of agriculture. In particular, after the people's public and social movement, according to the development road of the "pre-cooperation and post-mechanization" put forward by Mao Zedong, the new agricultural tools, the introduction and the imitation of agricultural machinery have been promoted, and China has started a vigorous and vigorous agricultural mechanization movement. This paper, on the basis of summing up the previous research results, has always adhered to the dialectical materialism and historical materialism of Marx as the theoretical guidance. The system research method is adopted to view the policy guidance of the people's public social and social period from the macro aspect, and has a cross-disciplinary study party. The research methods, such as the law, the comprehensive political science, the history, etc., and the research methods such as the social history, the measurement history, etc., adopt the quantitative analysis method, carry on the data analysis, enrich the demonstration means, and enhance the demonstration force. In order to study the development of the special period of the people's commune, the agricultural mechanization in Hebei province is selected as the object of the micro-examination. Cheng. This article is divided into five. The first part is the introduction, which mainly discusses the development of the subject, the research significance, the relevant research, the research method, the logical structure and the related concept. The second part mainly analyses the historical background of the agricultural mechanization in Hebei province, including the geographical status of Hebei, the development of the agricultural machinery in Hebei and the development of the people's commune in Hebei province before the establishment of the people's commune. The focus of the exhibition is to analyze the agricultural mechanization in the people's commune period under the great background of the country The reason of the movement is that the implementation of the agricultural mechanization is not only the objective productivity development, the need of reducing the labor intensity, but also the national policy and the public opinion. The third part is the main part of this paper, which divides the period of the people's communes into three stages, and summarizes the development of the agricultural mechanization in different stages of the Hebei region, and summarizes the two high tide of the agricultural mechanization. The process of the last ebb tide is the first high tide of the agricultural mechanization in the mass-mass agricultural implement movement and the semi-mechanized movement of the ball bearing as the mark, and the three agricultural machinery meetings held in the country in the 1970s to push the whole country to the agricultural mechanization transportation After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 1978, the development of agricultural mechanization began to be viewed rationally, the agricultural mechanization moved into the ebb-flow phase, and the agricultural machinery was gradually changed from the whole to the collective operation The fourth part is the agriculture of Hebei province in the period of people's commune This paper attempts to break a bias in the system of the people's communes in the past, and to evaluate the effect of the system of the people's communes on the mechanization of the agricultural mechanization. At the same time, we can't ignore some of the negative effects caused by the excessive and severe command-type policies in the people's communes system and try to restore A real historical condition. The latter part is a summary of the full text. This paper, through the study of the agricultural mechanization in Hebei province during the period of the people's commune, makes an objective historical evaluation on the high tide of the agricultural mechanization during the people's commune period, and explores the agricultural mechanization. The course of development is to draw lessons from it, so as to actively deal with the real problems and correctly grasp the direction of the rural reform so as to effectively solve the good "rural and rural areas" problems, and to realize the present situation of the new socialist countryside with Chinese characteristics and the realization of agriculture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K27;F323.3
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本文編號：2447573
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