資政院第一次常年會研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-26 19:48
【摘要】：清朝晚期陷入統(tǒng)治危局,希冀通過憲政改革挽救頹勢。1906年,清廷宣布預(yù)備立憲,宣示從1908年起通過9年努力到1917年召開國會,成為君主立憲制國家。由于中國幾千年未曾有過代議政治的傳統(tǒng),只能先從地方成立諮議局開始,再從諮議局中選出代表,成立中央議會。清廷希望通過努力,走上議會政治的道路,作為立憲改革的重要組成部分,資政院1910年9月正式成立。資政院是西方代議制度在中國的最早嘗試,“開千年未有之創(chuàng)局”,可謂中國代議機(jī)構(gòu)的源起。 資政院第一次常年會1910年10月3日開院,1911年1月11日閉幕,按章會期3個月,后因?yàn)樽h事未竣,又延長10天,前后歷時100天。資政院議員分為民選立憲議員與欽選議員,各定額100人。民選立憲議員傾向立憲改革,所謂“凡民選者,以為必當(dāng)攻擊政府;欽選者,以為必當(dāng)為政府辯護(hù)”。清廷建立資政院的目的除了“預(yù)立上下議院之基礎(chǔ)”外,實(shí)則也是是希望通過設(shè)立資政院能夠解決清廷財(cái)政困窘的問題;希望通過資政院可以借輿論之力限制權(quán)要,提高皇權(quán);希望設(shè)立資政院可以有力的鉗制民意,平息革命風(fēng)潮。此為清廷之意圖,但機(jī)構(gòu)建立起來必然有其自身的利益,為了實(shí)現(xiàn)其自身的利益,便必然會朝著不同于設(shè)立者意圖的方向發(fā)展。主導(dǎo)資政院利益走向的便是立憲派議員。 立憲派議員希望通過議案使得資政院通向國會。資政院立憲派議員通過“速開國會案”嘗試確立資政院的代議機(jī)關(guān)性質(zhì),向行政衙門宣示與其對等的地位。通過“彈劾軍機(jī)和速設(shè)責(zé)任內(nèi)閣案”嘗試在清廷確立政府對議會負(fù)責(zé)的體制。通過“試辦宣統(tǒng)三年歲入歲出總預(yù)算案”嘗試確立資政院的財(cái)政審核權(quán)力,使得資政院擁有財(cái)政權(quán)。通過“昭雪戊戌黨人暨開黨禁案”嘗試確立結(jié)社自由和多黨政治。
[Abstract]:In 1906, the Qing government announced that it was ready to establish a constitution, declaring that from 1908 to 1917, the Congress was convened through 9 years, and became a constitutional monarchy. Since China has not had the tradition of representative politics for thousands of years, it can only start with the establishment of local consultative bureaus, and then select representatives from the consultative boards to set up the central parliament. The Qing government hoped to take the path of parliamentary politics through efforts, as an important part of constitutional reform, the Senate was formally established in September 1910. Administrative Yuan is the earliest attempt of the western representative system in China. It can be described as the origin of the representative institution in China. The first annual session of the Senate opened on October 3, 1910, and ended on January 11, 1911. The session was in accordance with the regulations for three months. After that, it was extended for another 10 days and lasted for 100 days. Councillors are divided into elected constitutional members and elected members, each fixed 100. Elected members of the Constitution tend to reform the Constitution, saying that "all elected people attack the Government for what is elected, and those who are elected will defend the Government for the sake of being elected." The purpose of the establishment of the upper and lower houses in the Qing Dynasty is not only to set up the foundation of the upper and lower houses, but also to solve the problem of the financial embarrassment of the Qing government through the establishment of the upper and lower houses, and to use the power of public opinion to restrict the power and to improve the imperial power. I hope that the establishment of the Superior Council will be able to suppress public opinion and quell the revolutionary tide. This is the intention of the Qing court, but the institution must have its own interests, in order to realize its own interests, it will inevitably develop in a direction different from the intention of the founder. It is the constitutionalists who dominate the direction of the interests of the Senate. The constitutionalists want to pass the bill to bring the Senate to Congress. The Constitutional councillors of the Administrative Yuan tried to establish the representative nature of the House through the "Open Congress Bill", and declared the status of equality to the Administrative Yamen. Through the impeachment of military aircraft and the prompt establishment of the Cabinet of Ministers, it tried to establish a system of government accountability to parliament in the Qing Dynasty. This paper attempts to establish the power of financial audit of the Senior Administrative Institute through the trial run of the General Budget of three years of age and out of the year, so that it has the financial power. This paper tries to establish the freedom of association and multi-party politics through the case of Zhaoxue Wuxu Party.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K257
本文編號：2415845
[Abstract]:In 1906, the Qing government announced that it was ready to establish a constitution, declaring that from 1908 to 1917, the Congress was convened through 9 years, and became a constitutional monarchy. Since China has not had the tradition of representative politics for thousands of years, it can only start with the establishment of local consultative bureaus, and then select representatives from the consultative boards to set up the central parliament. The Qing government hoped to take the path of parliamentary politics through efforts, as an important part of constitutional reform, the Senate was formally established in September 1910. Administrative Yuan is the earliest attempt of the western representative system in China. It can be described as the origin of the representative institution in China. The first annual session of the Senate opened on October 3, 1910, and ended on January 11, 1911. The session was in accordance with the regulations for three months. After that, it was extended for another 10 days and lasted for 100 days. Councillors are divided into elected constitutional members and elected members, each fixed 100. Elected members of the Constitution tend to reform the Constitution, saying that "all elected people attack the Government for what is elected, and those who are elected will defend the Government for the sake of being elected." The purpose of the establishment of the upper and lower houses in the Qing Dynasty is not only to set up the foundation of the upper and lower houses, but also to solve the problem of the financial embarrassment of the Qing government through the establishment of the upper and lower houses, and to use the power of public opinion to restrict the power and to improve the imperial power. I hope that the establishment of the Superior Council will be able to suppress public opinion and quell the revolutionary tide. This is the intention of the Qing court, but the institution must have its own interests, in order to realize its own interests, it will inevitably develop in a direction different from the intention of the founder. It is the constitutionalists who dominate the direction of the interests of the Senate. The constitutionalists want to pass the bill to bring the Senate to Congress. The Constitutional councillors of the Administrative Yuan tried to establish the representative nature of the House through the "Open Congress Bill", and declared the status of equality to the Administrative Yamen. Through the impeachment of military aircraft and the prompt establishment of the Cabinet of Ministers, it tried to establish a system of government accountability to parliament in the Qing Dynasty. This paper attempts to establish the power of financial audit of the Senior Administrative Institute through the trial run of the General Budget of three years of age and out of the year, so that it has the financial power. This paper tries to establish the freedom of association and multi-party politics through the case of Zhaoxue Wuxu Party.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K257
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