近代洪江古商城的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)變遷初探（1840-1949）
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-26 17:28
【摘要】：洪江古商城位于湘西雪峰山區(qū),沅巫兩水在此匯合,其西南有匯入沅水的清水江、舞水、渠水、巫水4條支流,上通云貴和廣西。湘西及西南地區(qū)的木竹、桐油和其他土特產(chǎn)品用舟排水運(yùn)洪江出售,經(jīng)加工編排,再循沅江、下常德、經(jīng)洞庭、達(dá)漢口,轉(zhuǎn)銷江浙沿海各地,然后,從長(zhǎng)江中下游及沿海各埠運(yùn)回食鹽、棉花、布、百貨等,轉(zhuǎn)銷湘西和貴州西南各縣。在中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)社會(huì),水運(yùn)是南方最主要的運(yùn)輸方式,便利的水運(yùn)條件,使得洪江成為東部沿海地區(qū)通往大西南的咽喉要地。早在明代萬(wàn)歷年間,洪江就成為了初具規(guī)模的物資交易市場(chǎng),抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期,大量難民來(lái)洪避難,洪江成為了抗戰(zhàn)的大后方和湘西的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化中心,人口聚增至十余萬(wàn),加上流動(dòng)人口近二十余萬(wàn),洪江處于鼎盛時(shí)期,有“小南京”、“小上海”、“小重慶”、“五省通衢”、“湘西明珠”、“西南大都會(huì)”等美稱。在近代,西方侵略勢(shì)力的滲入、不斷的改革和革命運(yùn)動(dòng)、有識(shí)之士的推動(dòng)以及洪江開放包容的傳統(tǒng)商業(yè)文化促使洪江古商城在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化各個(gè)方面都發(fā)生了變遷。但由于封建勢(shì)力的阻礙、政治的腐敗、社會(huì)的動(dòng)亂,洪江未能完成向近代社會(huì)的轉(zhuǎn)型,也沒有獲取持續(xù)發(fā)展的動(dòng)力,隨著現(xiàn)代交通的出現(xiàn),洪江的區(qū)域優(yōu)勢(shì)逐漸喪失,其繁榮也隨著厚重的商鋪大門關(guān)閉而悄然消逝。 本文首先論述古商城的形成條件和歷史沿革,形成條件既有區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)等自然條件,也有民族融合、歷史機(jī)遇等人文社會(huì)條件；其次,論述近代洪江古商城經(jīng)濟(jì)地位,它是東部沿海與西南地區(qū)進(jìn)行商業(yè)貿(mào)易的橋梁和湘西及西南地區(qū)的商業(yè)重鎮(zhèn),同時(shí)又是湘西的近代工業(yè)和金融匯兌中心,除此之外,傳統(tǒng)手工業(yè)和錢莊業(yè)也比較發(fā)達(dá)和繁盛；再次論述了洪江古商城的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)變遷,表現(xiàn)在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、社會(huì)生活等方面；最后論述洪江古商城走向衰落和導(dǎo)致其走向衰落的主要因素,這些因素包括了政治的黑暗、社會(huì)的動(dòng)蕩不安、現(xiàn)代交通的出現(xiàn)、工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)的缺乏、腐朽落后文化的阻礙等；在文章最后作一個(gè)小結(jié),對(duì)洪江古商城的變遷及衰落進(jìn)行反思,得出的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)有：第一,一個(gè)商業(yè)城市要想獲得持久發(fā)展的動(dòng)力,不能僅僅依靠天然的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì),還需要發(fā)達(dá)的工業(yè)作為物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)；第二,一個(gè)商業(yè)城市的發(fā)展需要開放包容、開拓進(jìn)取、不斷創(chuàng)新的精神作為支撐。第三,商業(yè)的發(fā)展需要有穩(wěn)定和寬松的社會(huì)政治環(huán)境；第四,要想商業(yè)持續(xù)發(fā)展,要大力發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì),縮小收入差距,提升社會(huì)整體的購(gòu)買力；第五,懷化要利用古商城區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)轉(zhuǎn)入的機(jī)遇加快發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Hongjiang Ancient Mall is located in the Xuefeng Mountain area of Xiangxi, where the two waters of Yuan and Wu converge. In the southwest of Hongjiang, there are four tributaries of Qingshui River, Musui, canal water, wushu water, Shangtong Yungui and Guangxi. Wood bamboo, tung oil and other local products in western Hunan and southwestern China are sold by boat drainage to Hong Jiang, then processed and arranged, followed by Yuanjiang River, Xiafangde, through Dongting, reaching Hankou, sold to all coastal areas of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and then sold to various places along the coast of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. From the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and coastal ports back to salt, cotton, cloth, department stores and so on, exported to western Hunan and southwest Guizhou counties. In the traditional society of China, water transportation is the most important mode of transportation in the south, and the convenient water transportation conditions make Hongjiang a vital place for the eastern coastal areas to reach the southwest. As early as the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Hongjiang became the first large-scale material trading market. During the War of Resistance against Japan, a large number of refugees came to Hong for refuge. Hongjiang became the political, economic and cultural center of the war of resistance and the political, economic and cultural center of the war, and the population gathered to more than 100,000. With a floating population of nearly 200,000, Hongjiang is in its heyday. It is known as "Little Nanjing", "Little Shanghai", "Little Chongqing", "Quzhou of five provinces", "Pearl of Western Hunan", "Southwest Metropolitan City" and so on. In modern times, the infiltration of western invading forces, the constant reform and revolutionary movement, the promotion of the people of insight and the open and tolerant traditional commercial culture of Hongjiang have led to the changes in politics, economy and culture of Hongjiang Ancient Mall. However, due to the hindrance of feudal forces, political corruption and social unrest, Hongjiang failed to complete the transformation to modern society, nor did it obtain the motive force for sustained development. With the emergence of modern transportation, Hongjiang's regional advantage was gradually lost. Its prosperity also with heavy shops closed doors and quietly disappear. This paper first discusses the formation conditions and historical evolution of the ancient mall, forming conditions not only natural conditions, such as regional advantages, but also ethnic integration, historical opportunities and other humanistic social conditions; Secondly, it discusses the economic status of Hongjiang Ancient Mall in modern times, which is the bridge between the eastern coast and the southwest region for commercial trade and the commercial important town in the west and southwest of Hunan, and it is also the modern industrial and financial exchange center of the west of Hunan, in addition, it is also the center of modern industry and financial exchange in the west of Hunan. The traditional handicraft industry and the money bank industry are also relatively developed and prosperous; Once again, it discusses the social and economic changes of Hongjiang Ancient Mall, which are manifested in politics, economy, culture, social life and so on. Finally, it discusses the main factors leading to the decline of Hongjiang Ancient Mall, which include the darkness of politics, the unrest of society, the appearance of modern traffic, the lack of industrial foundation, the obstruction of decadent and backward culture, etc. At the end of the article, I make a summary, reflect on the changes and decline of Hongjiang Ancient Mall, and draw the following lessons: first, if a commercial city wants to obtain the motive force of sustainable development, it can not only rely on its natural location advantage. There is also a need for developed industry as the material basis; Second, the development of a commercial city needs to be open and inclusive, pioneering and innovative spirit as the support. Third, the development of business needs a stable and relaxed social and political environment; fourth, to sustainable development of business, we should vigorously develop the economy, narrow the income gap, and enhance the purchasing power of the society as a whole; Fifth, Huaihua should take advantage of the location advantages of the ancient mall to accelerate the development of opportunities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K25;F299.29
本文編號(hào)：2415720
[Abstract]:Hongjiang Ancient Mall is located in the Xuefeng Mountain area of Xiangxi, where the two waters of Yuan and Wu converge. In the southwest of Hongjiang, there are four tributaries of Qingshui River, Musui, canal water, wushu water, Shangtong Yungui and Guangxi. Wood bamboo, tung oil and other local products in western Hunan and southwestern China are sold by boat drainage to Hong Jiang, then processed and arranged, followed by Yuanjiang River, Xiafangde, through Dongting, reaching Hankou, sold to all coastal areas of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and then sold to various places along the coast of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. From the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and coastal ports back to salt, cotton, cloth, department stores and so on, exported to western Hunan and southwest Guizhou counties. In the traditional society of China, water transportation is the most important mode of transportation in the south, and the convenient water transportation conditions make Hongjiang a vital place for the eastern coastal areas to reach the southwest. As early as the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Hongjiang became the first large-scale material trading market. During the War of Resistance against Japan, a large number of refugees came to Hong for refuge. Hongjiang became the political, economic and cultural center of the war of resistance and the political, economic and cultural center of the war, and the population gathered to more than 100,000. With a floating population of nearly 200,000, Hongjiang is in its heyday. It is known as "Little Nanjing", "Little Shanghai", "Little Chongqing", "Quzhou of five provinces", "Pearl of Western Hunan", "Southwest Metropolitan City" and so on. In modern times, the infiltration of western invading forces, the constant reform and revolutionary movement, the promotion of the people of insight and the open and tolerant traditional commercial culture of Hongjiang have led to the changes in politics, economy and culture of Hongjiang Ancient Mall. However, due to the hindrance of feudal forces, political corruption and social unrest, Hongjiang failed to complete the transformation to modern society, nor did it obtain the motive force for sustained development. With the emergence of modern transportation, Hongjiang's regional advantage was gradually lost. Its prosperity also with heavy shops closed doors and quietly disappear. This paper first discusses the formation conditions and historical evolution of the ancient mall, forming conditions not only natural conditions, such as regional advantages, but also ethnic integration, historical opportunities and other humanistic social conditions; Secondly, it discusses the economic status of Hongjiang Ancient Mall in modern times, which is the bridge between the eastern coast and the southwest region for commercial trade and the commercial important town in the west and southwest of Hunan, and it is also the modern industrial and financial exchange center of the west of Hunan, in addition, it is also the center of modern industry and financial exchange in the west of Hunan. The traditional handicraft industry and the money bank industry are also relatively developed and prosperous; Once again, it discusses the social and economic changes of Hongjiang Ancient Mall, which are manifested in politics, economy, culture, social life and so on. Finally, it discusses the main factors leading to the decline of Hongjiang Ancient Mall, which include the darkness of politics, the unrest of society, the appearance of modern traffic, the lack of industrial foundation, the obstruction of decadent and backward culture, etc. At the end of the article, I make a summary, reflect on the changes and decline of Hongjiang Ancient Mall, and draw the following lessons: first, if a commercial city wants to obtain the motive force of sustainable development, it can not only rely on its natural location advantage. There is also a need for developed industry as the material basis; Second, the development of a commercial city needs to be open and inclusive, pioneering and innovative spirit as the support. Third, the development of business needs a stable and relaxed social and political environment; fourth, to sustainable development of business, we should vigorously develop the economy, narrow the income gap, and enhance the purchasing power of the society as a whole; Fifth, Huaihua should take advantage of the location advantages of the ancient mall to accelerate the development of opportunities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K25;F299.29
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