康有為國(guó)防建設(shè)思想述論
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-20 07:37
【摘要】： 以往研究康有為思想的論著很多,但是大多集中在對(duì)他政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)思想的研究上,對(duì)國(guó)防思想的研究涉及不多,即使偶有涉及,也是其中個(gè)別時(shí)間段(如戊戌變法時(shí)期),缺乏對(duì)他整體國(guó)防思想的探討。本文試圖在這一方面有所突破,力求通過對(duì)他國(guó)防思想的整體總結(jié)和研究,探討其中的先進(jìn)性和局限性,為今天的國(guó)防建設(shè)提供歷史借鑒。 19世紀(jì)末,中華民族處于生死存亡的緊要關(guān)頭,一些先進(jìn)的知識(shí)分子,順應(yīng)時(shí)代要求,展開了一系列挽救民族危亡的活動(dòng),康有為即是其中的代表。他書寫多個(gè)領(lǐng)域的改革理論,并積極宣傳和實(shí)踐這些理論,本文主要論述的是他理論中國(guó)防建設(shè)方面的內(nèi)容并做了簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)述。 文章共分五部分,第一部分引言,簡(jiǎn)要介紹了前人研究康有為國(guó)防建設(shè)思想的成果、不足及意義。第二部分十九世紀(jì)中后期中國(guó)的社會(huì)狀況,從當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)社會(huì)面臨的內(nèi)外形勢(shì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和階級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的變動(dòng)、中國(guó)社會(huì)思想的演變?nèi)齻�(gè)方面基本說明了康有為所處的時(shí)代背景及推動(dòng)他國(guó)防思想產(chǎn)生的原因。第三部分康有為的國(guó)防建設(shè)思想,近代以來中國(guó)的邊防危機(jī)引發(fā)康有為的思考,并提出了具體鞏固邊防的建議,如督撫治疆、重兵防邊、廢省存府等,不僅通過增加駐軍加強(qiáng)邊防,而且從行政建制方面改革中央對(duì)地方的管理。局限性在于康有為人微言輕,無法將建議付諸實(shí)踐。此外,對(duì)省制的絕對(duì)否定也不盡合理。第四部分關(guān)于國(guó)防建設(shè)的幾點(diǎn)建議,從五個(gè)方面較全面的概括和總結(jié)了康有為關(guān)于加強(qiáng)軍事實(shí)力,鞏固國(guó)防的具體實(shí)施理論。理論雖好,但基于清政府積貧積弱的局面以及思想的相對(duì)落后,實(shí)在缺乏足夠的政府支持及財(cái)力等將其實(shí)踐。第五部分結(jié)束語,對(duì)康有為的國(guó)防建設(shè)思想做了評(píng)價(jià),建議雖未付諸于實(shí)踐,但對(duì)后來的國(guó)防鞏固、軍隊(duì)建設(shè)起了指導(dǎo)作用,同時(shí),他勇于探索的精神和強(qiáng)烈的國(guó)家責(zé)任感也值得后人學(xué)習(xí)。 本文在運(yùn)用史料的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)康有為的國(guó)防建設(shè)思想做了較全面的整理,并給予了一定的評(píng)價(jià),希望對(duì)康有為及其國(guó)防建設(shè)思想有更客觀更全面的認(rèn)識(shí)。
[Abstract]:In the past, there were a lot of works on Kang Youwei's thought, but most of them focused on his political and economic thoughts, but the research on national defense thought was not much. Even if occasionally involved, it was also a few of the time periods (such as the Reform Movement of 1898). There is a lack of discussion of his overall national defense thinking. This paper attempts to make a breakthrough in this respect and tries to explore its advanced nature and limitations by summing up and studying his national defense thought so as to provide historical reference for today's national defense construction. At the end of the 19th century, the Chinese nation was in the critical moment of survival and death. Some advanced intellectuals, conforming to the requirements of the times, launched a series of activities to save the nation's peril, among which Kang Youwei was the representative. He wrote the reform theory in many fields and actively propagated and practiced these theories. This paper mainly discusses the contents of his theory on China's defense construction and makes a brief comment. The article is divided into five parts, the first part is introduction, briefly introduces the achievements, deficiency and significance of former research on Kang Youwei's national defense construction. The second part is the social situation in China in the middle and late nineteenth century, from the internal and external situation, the changes in economic and class structure that Chinese society was facing at that time. The evolution of Chinese social thought explains the background of Kang Youwei's time and the reason of his national defense thought. The third part, Kang Youwei's thought of national defense construction, the border defense crisis of China since modern times triggered the thinking of Kang Youwei, and put forward some concrete suggestions to consolidate the frontier defense, such as governing and governing Xinjiang, paying more attention to defending the border, abolishing the provincial government, and so on. Not only by increasing the garrison to strengthen border defense, but also from the administrative system to reform the central administration of local. The limitation lies in Kang Youwei's small talk, unable to put the suggestion into practice. In addition, the absolute negation of the provincial system is not entirely reasonable. In the fourth part, some suggestions on national defense construction are put forward, which generalize and sum up Kang Youwei's concrete implementation theory of strengthening military strength and consolidating national defense from five aspects. The theory is good, but based on the situation that Qing government accumulated poverty and weak and thought is relatively backward, it is lack of sufficient government support and financial resources to put it into practice. The conclusion of the fifth part gives an evaluation of Kang Youwei's thought of national defense construction. Although the proposal has not been put into practice, it has played a guiding role in the later consolidation of national defense and the building of the army. At the same time, His spirit of exploration and strong sense of national responsibility are also worth learning from later generations. On the basis of historical data, this paper makes a comprehensive arrangement of Kang Youwei's thought of national defense construction, and gives a certain evaluation, hoping to have a more objective and comprehensive understanding of Kang Youwei and his thought of national defense construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K256
本文編號(hào)：2344274
[Abstract]:In the past, there were a lot of works on Kang Youwei's thought, but most of them focused on his political and economic thoughts, but the research on national defense thought was not much. Even if occasionally involved, it was also a few of the time periods (such as the Reform Movement of 1898). There is a lack of discussion of his overall national defense thinking. This paper attempts to make a breakthrough in this respect and tries to explore its advanced nature and limitations by summing up and studying his national defense thought so as to provide historical reference for today's national defense construction. At the end of the 19th century, the Chinese nation was in the critical moment of survival and death. Some advanced intellectuals, conforming to the requirements of the times, launched a series of activities to save the nation's peril, among which Kang Youwei was the representative. He wrote the reform theory in many fields and actively propagated and practiced these theories. This paper mainly discusses the contents of his theory on China's defense construction and makes a brief comment. The article is divided into five parts, the first part is introduction, briefly introduces the achievements, deficiency and significance of former research on Kang Youwei's national defense construction. The second part is the social situation in China in the middle and late nineteenth century, from the internal and external situation, the changes in economic and class structure that Chinese society was facing at that time. The evolution of Chinese social thought explains the background of Kang Youwei's time and the reason of his national defense thought. The third part, Kang Youwei's thought of national defense construction, the border defense crisis of China since modern times triggered the thinking of Kang Youwei, and put forward some concrete suggestions to consolidate the frontier defense, such as governing and governing Xinjiang, paying more attention to defending the border, abolishing the provincial government, and so on. Not only by increasing the garrison to strengthen border defense, but also from the administrative system to reform the central administration of local. The limitation lies in Kang Youwei's small talk, unable to put the suggestion into practice. In addition, the absolute negation of the provincial system is not entirely reasonable. In the fourth part, some suggestions on national defense construction are put forward, which generalize and sum up Kang Youwei's concrete implementation theory of strengthening military strength and consolidating national defense from five aspects. The theory is good, but based on the situation that Qing government accumulated poverty and weak and thought is relatively backward, it is lack of sufficient government support and financial resources to put it into practice. The conclusion of the fifth part gives an evaluation of Kang Youwei's thought of national defense construction. Although the proposal has not been put into practice, it has played a guiding role in the later consolidation of national defense and the building of the army. At the same time, His spirit of exploration and strong sense of national responsibility are also worth learning from later generations. On the basis of historical data, this paper makes a comprehensive arrangement of Kang Youwei's thought of national defense construction, and gives a certain evaluation, hoping to have a more objective and comprehensive understanding of Kang Youwei and his thought of national defense construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K256
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前5條
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，本文編號(hào)：2344274
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