新生到衰亡：漢口錢莊業(yè)研究（1949-1952）
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-15 07:14
【摘要】：金融問題關系經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和國計民生,銀行等金融機構(gòu)在經(jīng)濟活動中居于中心位置。在有關漢口金融機構(gòu)的研究中,史學界給予了銀行極高的關注。在近代以來的漢口金融機構(gòu)中,錢莊一直占據(jù)著很重要的地位,但關于錢莊的研究卻比較薄弱。本文擬從漢口地區(qū)的錢莊業(yè)這一角度入手,以時間為脈絡,梳理漢口地區(qū)的錢莊業(yè)在建國初期由幾近衰亡到重生,再到走向消失的一系列演變過程,并分析各方勢力在這一過程中的態(tài)度及其原因,探討以錢莊業(yè)為代表的私營銀錢業(yè)在新的政治和社會環(huán)境下如何調(diào)整自我的角色和進行自我定位。武漢解放前夕,經(jīng)歷了國民政府的壓榨和嚴苛盤剝以及戰(zhàn)亂的破壞,漢口地區(qū)的錢莊業(yè)經(jīng)營慘淡,大批錢莊停業(yè),進行投機倒把的活動,而正常的存放款、匯兌業(yè)務幾乎無人問津。1949年5月16日武漢解放后,政府出于穩(wěn)定金融、恢復經(jīng)濟的目的,在暫時無法全面掌握金融市場的情況下,需要錢莊等金融機構(gòu)在活躍經(jīng)濟、穩(wěn)定市場方面發(fā)揮作用。但同時需要對解放前漢口錢莊業(yè)的種種經(jīng)營亂像和不正之風加以整頓,使之能更好的為發(fā)展經(jīng)濟服務。因此武漢市軍管會、中國人民銀行漢口分行等機構(gòu)出臺多項管理辦法,對錢莊業(yè)進行審查登記、增資驗資等,初步建立了比較有序的金融秩序。同時,錢莊業(yè)對于新政府的這些管理措施采取了不同的應對方法。在經(jīng)歷長達半年的整頓管理后,漢口的錢莊業(yè)逐步擺脫混亂,走向有序的恢復和發(fā)展。但隨著新政府的努力,此時全國財經(jīng)走向統(tǒng)一,銀錢業(yè)放款利率下降,同時由于缺少了混亂時期的各種不正當收入,錢莊業(yè)此時面臨著嚴重的困難局面。政府制定了一系列的優(yōu)惠措施,幫助錢莊擺脫困境,同時積極促使錢莊業(yè)開始聯(lián)合營業(yè)。從1950年5月開始,在武漢金融管理部門的推動下以及全國金融業(yè)聯(lián)席會議的號召下,漢口地區(qū)錢莊業(yè)主動要求聯(lián)合經(jīng)營,成立三個聯(lián)營集團,并逐步走向合并,成立武漢市聯(lián)合商業(yè)銀行。此后由于業(yè)務不振,聯(lián)合商業(yè)銀行停業(yè)清理,轉(zhuǎn)營土產(chǎn)運銷業(yè)。至此,漢口錢莊業(yè)完全消亡。
[Abstract]:Financial problems are related to economic development and people's livelihood. Banks and other financial institutions play a central role in economic activities. In the research of Hankou financial institutions, the historiography circles pay great attention to the banks. In the modern Hankou financial institutions, the bank has been occupying a very important position, but the study of the bank is relatively weak. Starting from the angle of the banking industry in Hankou, this paper, taking time as the context, combs the series of evolution of the banking industry in Hankou from near decline to rebirth at the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, and then to disappearing. This paper also analyzes the attitudes and reasons of the various forces in this process, and probes into how the private money industry, represented by the banking industry, can adjust its role and position itself in the new political and social environment. On the eve of the liberation of Wuhan, after being squeezed and severely exploited by the National Government and destroyed by the war, the operation of the money banks in Hankou was poor, a large number of banks closed down, carried out speculative activities, and deposited money normally. After the liberation of Wuhan on May 16, 1949, the government, for the purpose of stabilizing finance and restoring the economy, needed money banks and other financial institutions to be active in the economy when it was temporarily unable to fully grasp the financial market. Play a role in stabilizing the market. But at the same time, it is necessary to rectify all kinds of business chaos and unhealthy trend of Hankou money bank before liberation, so that it can better serve for the development of economy. Therefore, the Wuhan Municipal military Management Committee, the people's Bank of China Hankou Branch and other institutions issued a number of management measures to examine and register the banking industry, increase capital and verify capital, and initially established a relatively orderly financial order. At the same time, the banking industry has taken different measures to deal with these management measures of the new government. After six months of rectification and management, Hankou's money bank industry gradually got rid of chaos and moved towards orderly recovery and development. However, with the efforts of the new government, at this time the national finance and economics tend to be unified, the lending rate of the money industry drops, at the same time, because of the lack of various kinds of improper income in the chaotic period, the money bank industry is faced with serious difficulties at this time. The government has set up a series of preferential measures to help the banks out of trouble, while actively promoting the joint operation of the banking industry. Since May 1950, under the impetus of the Wuhan Financial Management Department and the call of the National Financial Industry Joint Conference, the Hankou region's money bank industry has taken the initiative to request joint operation, set up three consortia, and gradually moved towards merger. The establishment of Wuhan City United Commercial Bank. Since then, due to the lack of business, United Commercial Bank closed to clean up, local products transport and marketing. At this point, Hankou money bank industry completely died out.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K27
本文編號：2332523
[Abstract]:Financial problems are related to economic development and people's livelihood. Banks and other financial institutions play a central role in economic activities. In the research of Hankou financial institutions, the historiography circles pay great attention to the banks. In the modern Hankou financial institutions, the bank has been occupying a very important position, but the study of the bank is relatively weak. Starting from the angle of the banking industry in Hankou, this paper, taking time as the context, combs the series of evolution of the banking industry in Hankou from near decline to rebirth at the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, and then to disappearing. This paper also analyzes the attitudes and reasons of the various forces in this process, and probes into how the private money industry, represented by the banking industry, can adjust its role and position itself in the new political and social environment. On the eve of the liberation of Wuhan, after being squeezed and severely exploited by the National Government and destroyed by the war, the operation of the money banks in Hankou was poor, a large number of banks closed down, carried out speculative activities, and deposited money normally. After the liberation of Wuhan on May 16, 1949, the government, for the purpose of stabilizing finance and restoring the economy, needed money banks and other financial institutions to be active in the economy when it was temporarily unable to fully grasp the financial market. Play a role in stabilizing the market. But at the same time, it is necessary to rectify all kinds of business chaos and unhealthy trend of Hankou money bank before liberation, so that it can better serve for the development of economy. Therefore, the Wuhan Municipal military Management Committee, the people's Bank of China Hankou Branch and other institutions issued a number of management measures to examine and register the banking industry, increase capital and verify capital, and initially established a relatively orderly financial order. At the same time, the banking industry has taken different measures to deal with these management measures of the new government. After six months of rectification and management, Hankou's money bank industry gradually got rid of chaos and moved towards orderly recovery and development. However, with the efforts of the new government, at this time the national finance and economics tend to be unified, the lending rate of the money industry drops, at the same time, because of the lack of various kinds of improper income in the chaotic period, the money bank industry is faced with serious difficulties at this time. The government has set up a series of preferential measures to help the banks out of trouble, while actively promoting the joint operation of the banking industry. Since May 1950, under the impetus of the Wuhan Financial Management Department and the call of the National Financial Industry Joint Conference, the Hankou region's money bank industry has taken the initiative to request joint operation, set up three consortia, and gradually moved towards merger. The establishment of Wuhan City United Commercial Bank. Since then, due to the lack of business, United Commercial Bank closed to clean up, local products transport and marketing. At this point, Hankou money bank industry completely died out.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K27
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