中間黨派的兩次民主憲政運動述論
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-07 15:53
【摘要】：抗戰(zhàn)中后期中間黨派利用國民黨關(guān)于憲政的口號，與中共同心協(xié)力，在國統(tǒng)區(qū)組織發(fā)動了兩次民主憲政運動，促進了國家政治民主化進程，并為中國共產(chǎn)黨與民主黨派的長期合作奠定了政治基礎(chǔ)。 全面抗戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后，蔣介石迫于國難危機深重的政治形勢，先后設(shè)立國民參政會的前身國防參政會（1937年8月17日）和國民參政會（1938年7月6日——1948年3月28日）作為戰(zhàn)時民意機構(gòu)，從而為各在野的中間黨派以及中共參政議政和從事促進憲政的政治活動提供了合法的政治平臺�？箲�(zhàn)中后期中間黨派以國民參政會為政治平臺，通過研擬憲法草案、向參政會提出議案，召開憲政座談會，成立憲政研究會、輿論宣傳等多種形式，在大后方先后發(fā)起、推動了兩次憲政運動高潮，但是這兩次憲政運動均以失敗告終，標志性歷史事件分別為1940年4月1日“期成憲草”在國民參政會一屆五次會議上被蔣介石擱置起來，1940年9月18日國民黨5屆157次中常會以戰(zhàn)事不便為借口，將國民大會拖延至戰(zhàn)后1946年11月召開國民黨一手包辦的偽制憲國大，通過所謂《中華民國憲法》，確立了總統(tǒng)獨裁制。由于國民黨堅持獨裁統(tǒng)治，鎮(zhèn)壓民主憲政運動，反而堅定了各民主黨派與國民黨斗爭到底的決心和中共長期合作的信念，1949年1月，各民主黨派及無黨派民主人士55名代表發(fā)表了《對時局的意見》，明確承認了中共在中國革命中的領(lǐng)導地位，并同中共一道共同締造了新中國。 本文分成三章來闡述。第一章主要闡述作為抗戰(zhàn)中后期國統(tǒng)區(qū)第一次民主憲政運動的發(fā)起者的中間黨派的一系列歷史活動�？箲�(zhàn)爆發(fā)后，中間黨派以國民參政會為平臺發(fā)起國統(tǒng)區(qū)第一次民主憲政運動，并督促蔣介石成立憲政期成會，，形成期成憲草，成為第一次憲政運動最有意義的憲政成果；第二章主要闡述中間黨派在推動第二次民主憲政運動進一步發(fā)展進程中的一系列歷史活動，其中包括中國民盟的改組、中共聯(lián)合政府主張的提出、1946年政協(xié)通過的政協(xié)憲草修改原則12條等；第三章主要分析兩次民主憲政運動的異同點、歷史的啟迪以及結(jié)論�？箲�(zhàn)時期的兩次民主憲政運動，性質(zhì)都是資產(chǎn)階級民主運動，都是為反對國民黨一黨專政的獨裁統(tǒng)治，爭取人民的自由民主權(quán)利，實行真正的憲政，確�？箲�(zhàn)的勝利而在我國為實現(xiàn)民主政治所做出的不懈努力。歷史證明，中間黨派只有承認和接受中共新民主主義憲政模式才是唯一正確的歷史選擇，中間黨派的資產(chǎn)階級民主共和國建國方案是根本行不通的。中國當代的民主憲政建設(shè)也必需以農(nóng)村社會為建設(shè)重點，也必需依靠中國共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導。
[Abstract]:In the middle and late stages of the Anti-Japanese War, using the slogans of the Kuomintang on constitutionalism and working together with the Chinese Communists, the middle and late parties organized two democratic constitutional movements in the areas under the control of the Kuomintang, thus promoting the process of political democratization in the country. And has laid the political foundation for the long-term cooperation between the Communist Party of China and the democratic parties. After the outbreak of the full-scale War of Resistance against Japan, Jiang Jieshi was forced by the deep political situation of the national crisis. The National Council for political participation, the predecessor of the National Council for political Affairs (August 17, 1937) and the National Council for political participation (July 6, 1938-March 28, 1948), were established as wartime public opinion bodies. Thus, it provides a legal political platform for the opposition centrist parties and the Communist Party of China to participate in politics and engage in political activities to promote constitutionalism. In the middle and late stages of the Anti-Japanese War, the centrist parties took the National participation in Politics Conference as a political platform and initiated it in the rear area successively by studying the draft constitution, proposing motions to the political participation committee, convening a constitutional forum, setting up a constitutional government research institute, and publicity by public opinion, and so on. It pushed forward the climax of the two constitutional movements, but the two constitutional movements ended in failure. The landmark historical event was the "constitutionalism draft" on April 1, 1940, which was shelved by Jiang Jieshi at one of the five sessions of the National Council for political participation. On 18 September 1940, on the pretext of inconveniences in the war, the National Assembly was delayed to the post-war pseudo-constitutional Congress of the Kuomintang, which was organized by the Kuomintang in November 1946, and adopted the so-called "Constitution of the Republic of China" to establish the dictatorship of the President, under the pretext of the inconveniences of the war at the 5th Central standing Committee of the Kuomintang on September 18, 1940. Because of the Kuomintang's adherence to dictatorship and the suppression of the democratic constitutional movement, on the contrary, it strengthened the determination of the democratic parties to fight against the Kuomintang to the end and the conviction of the Chinese Communists to cooperate for a long time. January 1949, The 55 deputies of the democratic parties and non-party Democrats issued their opinions on the current situation, explicitly recognizing the leading position of the CPC in the Chinese revolution, and working together with the CPC to create a new China. This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter mainly expounds a series of historical activities of the middle and late period of the Anti-Japanese War as the initiator of the first democratic constitutionalism movement in the Kuomintang-controlled areas of the Anti-Japanese War. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the middle parties launched the first democratic constitutional movement in the Kuomintang controlled area on the platform of the National Council for political participation, and urged Jiang Jieshi to set up a session of constitutionalism, form a constitutional constitution, and become the most meaningful constitutional achievement of the first constitutional movement. The second chapter mainly describes a series of historical activities of the centrist party in promoting the further development of the second democratic constitutional movement, including the reorganization of the Chinese Democratic League and the proposal of the CPC coalition government. In 1946, the CPPCC adopted 12 principles for amending the constitution of the CPPCC; The third chapter mainly analyzes the similarities and differences of the two democratic constitutional movements, historical enlightenment and conclusions. The two democratic constitutional movements during the War of Resistance against Japan were both bourgeois democratic movements in nature. They were designed to oppose the dictatorship of the Kuomintang's one-party dictatorship and to fight for the people's right to freedom and democracy and to practise genuine constitutionalism. The unremitting efforts to achieve democratic politics in our country to ensure the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan. History has proved that the only correct historical choice is for the middle parties to recognize and accept the new democratic constitutional model of the Communist Party of China, and the plan for the establishment of the bourgeois democratic republic of the intermediate parties simply does not work. The construction of China's contemporary democratic constitutionalism must also focus on the rural society and rely on the leadership of the Communist Party of China.
【學位授予單位】：齊齊哈爾大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K265
本文編號：2316828
[Abstract]:In the middle and late stages of the Anti-Japanese War, using the slogans of the Kuomintang on constitutionalism and working together with the Chinese Communists, the middle and late parties organized two democratic constitutional movements in the areas under the control of the Kuomintang, thus promoting the process of political democratization in the country. And has laid the political foundation for the long-term cooperation between the Communist Party of China and the democratic parties. After the outbreak of the full-scale War of Resistance against Japan, Jiang Jieshi was forced by the deep political situation of the national crisis. The National Council for political participation, the predecessor of the National Council for political Affairs (August 17, 1937) and the National Council for political participation (July 6, 1938-March 28, 1948), were established as wartime public opinion bodies. Thus, it provides a legal political platform for the opposition centrist parties and the Communist Party of China to participate in politics and engage in political activities to promote constitutionalism. In the middle and late stages of the Anti-Japanese War, the centrist parties took the National participation in Politics Conference as a political platform and initiated it in the rear area successively by studying the draft constitution, proposing motions to the political participation committee, convening a constitutional forum, setting up a constitutional government research institute, and publicity by public opinion, and so on. It pushed forward the climax of the two constitutional movements, but the two constitutional movements ended in failure. The landmark historical event was the "constitutionalism draft" on April 1, 1940, which was shelved by Jiang Jieshi at one of the five sessions of the National Council for political participation. On 18 September 1940, on the pretext of inconveniences in the war, the National Assembly was delayed to the post-war pseudo-constitutional Congress of the Kuomintang, which was organized by the Kuomintang in November 1946, and adopted the so-called "Constitution of the Republic of China" to establish the dictatorship of the President, under the pretext of the inconveniences of the war at the 5th Central standing Committee of the Kuomintang on September 18, 1940. Because of the Kuomintang's adherence to dictatorship and the suppression of the democratic constitutional movement, on the contrary, it strengthened the determination of the democratic parties to fight against the Kuomintang to the end and the conviction of the Chinese Communists to cooperate for a long time. January 1949, The 55 deputies of the democratic parties and non-party Democrats issued their opinions on the current situation, explicitly recognizing the leading position of the CPC in the Chinese revolution, and working together with the CPC to create a new China. This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter mainly expounds a series of historical activities of the middle and late period of the Anti-Japanese War as the initiator of the first democratic constitutionalism movement in the Kuomintang-controlled areas of the Anti-Japanese War. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the middle parties launched the first democratic constitutional movement in the Kuomintang controlled area on the platform of the National Council for political participation, and urged Jiang Jieshi to set up a session of constitutionalism, form a constitutional constitution, and become the most meaningful constitutional achievement of the first constitutional movement. The second chapter mainly describes a series of historical activities of the centrist party in promoting the further development of the second democratic constitutional movement, including the reorganization of the Chinese Democratic League and the proposal of the CPC coalition government. In 1946, the CPPCC adopted 12 principles for amending the constitution of the CPPCC; The third chapter mainly analyzes the similarities and differences of the two democratic constitutional movements, historical enlightenment and conclusions. The two democratic constitutional movements during the War of Resistance against Japan were both bourgeois democratic movements in nature. They were designed to oppose the dictatorship of the Kuomintang's one-party dictatorship and to fight for the people's right to freedom and democracy and to practise genuine constitutionalism. The unremitting efforts to achieve democratic politics in our country to ensure the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan. History has proved that the only correct historical choice is for the middle parties to recognize and accept the new democratic constitutional model of the Communist Party of China, and the plan for the establishment of the bourgeois democratic republic of the intermediate parties simply does not work. The construction of China's contemporary democratic constitutionalism must also focus on the rural society and rely on the leadership of the Communist Party of China.
【學位授予單位】：齊齊哈爾大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K265
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