“文革”時期曲阜“破四舊”運動述略
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-07 07:59
【摘要】： “破四舊”運動是發(fā)生在“文革”初期的一個特定事件,這場運動首先從北京開始,后在官方輿論宣傳工具的鼓惑以及“左”傾思潮的影響下,運動迅速蔓延到全國各地。 “破四舊”運動初期,曲阜縣委領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部頂住壓力,援引文物保護條例,把“三孔”與“四舊”區(qū)別開來,較好的保護了“三孔”。但是,在以譚厚蘭為首的北師大毛澤東思想紅衛(wèi)兵井岡山戰(zhàn)斗團來到曲阜以后,“破四舊”運動脫離了原有軌道,演變成一場“打倒孔家店”、“造孔家店的反”的“討孔”運動。 曲阜的“破四舊”運動,一方面具有全國“破四舊”運動的共同色彩：如風(fēng)風(fēng)火火的改名風(fēng)潮,將所謂“散發(fā)資本主義、封建主義霉味”的村莊名、街道名、地名、商店名、人名等,改換成帶有革命色彩的名稱；如取消一切廟會,拆除各種牌坊；如對婚喪嫁娶等各種傳統(tǒng)的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣進行改革；如對服務(wù)行業(yè)和文藝界、宗教的沖擊；甚至是亂批斗、抄家之風(fēng)也如出一轍。另一方面,曲阜的“破四舊”運動受到中央文革小組的操縱和支持,在其縱容下的以譚厚蘭為首的“討孔”運動成為曲阜“破四舊”運動的重中之重,也成為曲阜“破四舊”運動的特色內(nèi)容。 僅從表面來看,“破四舊”運動中破除一些陳舊的禮俗習(xí)慣、風(fēng)俗迷信等,是具有社會進步意義的。但是,由于這場運動是為“文化大革命”的開展鋪路的,它對于“新”和“舊”的概念沒有科學(xué)、正確的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和態(tài)度,加之紅衛(wèi)兵政治上不成熟、缺乏社會經(jīng)驗,被林彪、江青一伙利用,致使運動迅速演變成一場砸文物、毀古跡、批斗、抄家等具有強制性的破壞運動。 伴隨著“文化大革命”的升級,四人幫爭權(quán)奪利斗爭的加劇,“破四舊”運動逐漸淡出人們的視野,退出了歷史舞臺。 回顧“破四舊”運動的歷史,它非但未能實現(xiàn)“破舊立新”,推動社會的進步,反而給曲阜的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、教育、社會生活等各個領(lǐng)域帶來了巨大的負(fù)面影響,造成了社會的動蕩和歷史的倒退,個中經(jīng)驗值得深思。
[Abstract]:The "break the four Old" movement was a special event in the early period of the "Cultural Revolution", which began in Beijing, and then spread to all parts of the country under the influence of the propaganda tools of official public opinion and the "left" trend of thought. At the beginning of the movement of "breaking the four old", the leading cadres of the Qufu county party committee withstood the pressure, invoked the cultural relics protection regulations, distinguished the "three holes" from the "four old ones", and better protected the "three holes." However, after the Jinggangshan Battle Regiment, Mao Zedong thought Red Guards, headed by Tan Houlan, came to Qufu, the movement of "breaking the four old" broke away from its original track and evolved into a "down with the Kongjiadian". The "struggle for holes" movement of "making Confucius shops". The movement of "breaking the four old" in Qufu, on the one hand, has the common color of the national movement of "breaking down the four old": for example, the stormy change of name, the name of the village, the name of the street, the name of the place, the name of the shop, the so called "capitalism, feudalism, mildew". The name of person is changed into the name with revolutionary color; Such as the abolition of all temple fairs, demolition of various archways, such as marriage, funeral and other traditional customs of reform, such as the service industry and literary and art, the impact of religion; even disorderly criticism, copy the same style of home. On the other hand, Qufu's "breaking the four old" movement was manipulated and supported by the Central Cultural Revolution Group, and the "Ganggong" movement led by Tan Hou-lan, led by Tan Houlan, became the most important part of Qufu's "breaking the four old" movement. Also become Qufu, "break the four old" movement characteristic content. On the surface, breaking down some old customs, customs and superstitions in the movement of "breaking the four old" is of great significance for social progress. However, as the movement paved the way for the "Cultural Revolution," it had no science for the concepts of "new" and "old", correct standards and attitudes, and the Red Guards were politically immature and lacking social experience. Jiang Qing and his gang used it to quickly turn the movement into a forced destruction campaign, such as smashing cultural relics, destroying monuments, criticizing families, and so on. With the escalation of the "Cultural Revolution" and the intensification of the struggle for power by the Gang of four, the movement of "breaking the old" gradually faded out of people's vision and withdrew from the historical stage. Recalling the history of the Movement of "Breaking the four Old", which has not only failed to achieve "breaking the old and building new" and promoted social progress, but has had a tremendous negative impact on the political, economic, cultural, educational, social and other fields of life in Qufu, Has caused the social turbulence and the historical retrogression, the experience is worth pondering.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K27
本文編號：2315711
[Abstract]:The "break the four Old" movement was a special event in the early period of the "Cultural Revolution", which began in Beijing, and then spread to all parts of the country under the influence of the propaganda tools of official public opinion and the "left" trend of thought. At the beginning of the movement of "breaking the four old", the leading cadres of the Qufu county party committee withstood the pressure, invoked the cultural relics protection regulations, distinguished the "three holes" from the "four old ones", and better protected the "three holes." However, after the Jinggangshan Battle Regiment, Mao Zedong thought Red Guards, headed by Tan Houlan, came to Qufu, the movement of "breaking the four old" broke away from its original track and evolved into a "down with the Kongjiadian". The "struggle for holes" movement of "making Confucius shops". The movement of "breaking the four old" in Qufu, on the one hand, has the common color of the national movement of "breaking down the four old": for example, the stormy change of name, the name of the village, the name of the street, the name of the place, the name of the shop, the so called "capitalism, feudalism, mildew". The name of person is changed into the name with revolutionary color; Such as the abolition of all temple fairs, demolition of various archways, such as marriage, funeral and other traditional customs of reform, such as the service industry and literary and art, the impact of religion; even disorderly criticism, copy the same style of home. On the other hand, Qufu's "breaking the four old" movement was manipulated and supported by the Central Cultural Revolution Group, and the "Ganggong" movement led by Tan Hou-lan, led by Tan Houlan, became the most important part of Qufu's "breaking the four old" movement. Also become Qufu, "break the four old" movement characteristic content. On the surface, breaking down some old customs, customs and superstitions in the movement of "breaking the four old" is of great significance for social progress. However, as the movement paved the way for the "Cultural Revolution," it had no science for the concepts of "new" and "old", correct standards and attitudes, and the Red Guards were politically immature and lacking social experience. Jiang Qing and his gang used it to quickly turn the movement into a forced destruction campaign, such as smashing cultural relics, destroying monuments, criticizing families, and so on. With the escalation of the "Cultural Revolution" and the intensification of the struggle for power by the Gang of four, the movement of "breaking the old" gradually faded out of people's vision and withdrew from the historical stage. Recalling the history of the Movement of "Breaking the four Old", which has not only failed to achieve "breaking the old and building new" and promoted social progress, but has had a tremendous negative impact on the political, economic, cultural, educational, social and other fields of life in Qufu, Has caused the social turbulence and the historical retrogression, the experience is worth pondering.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K27
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 何立波;;荒誕的破“回舊”[J];黨史天地;2006年02期
，本文編號：2315711
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