潮汕地區(qū)農業(yè)合作化運動與農村社會研究（1953-1957）
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-19 07:13
【摘要】：農業(yè)合作化運動是20世紀50年代中國共產黨在土地改革的基礎上,對農村進行的一次經(jīng)濟體制變革,它不僅完成了對農業(yè)的社會主義改造,轉變分散的個體經(jīng)濟為土地、勞力集中分配的集體經(jīng)濟;同時也對農村社會的政治、基層組織等方面產生了重大的影響。潮汕地區(qū)是我國著名的僑鄉(xiāng),同時也是廣東的糧食高產區(qū),該區(qū)域的農業(yè)合作化運動開展較早且具有典型性,可以看作是廣東合作化運動的縮影。以往對于區(qū)域農業(yè)合作化運動的考察多是從政策史或者是社會史的角度出發(fā),從國家、農村、農民的互動進行討論的不多。本文除梳理潮汕地區(qū)的農業(yè)合作化發(fā)展歷程外,還要從農民家庭收入、農民的心態(tài)如退社等行為進行全方位的探索,將區(qū)域研究與宏觀背景相聯(lián)結,使整體與個案分析相結合,全面而詳盡的再現(xiàn)潮汕地區(qū)的農業(yè)合作化運動的真實場景。不僅要密切注意黨和政府在特定情況下所推行的方針、政策,也要深度剖析這些政策的具體實踐情況及對鄉(xiāng)村社會的影響。本文正文主要分為五個部分:第一部分主要是分析農業(yè)合作化運動前潮汕地區(qū)的農村社會背景,即包括土地改革后的地權關系、農民的生產生活水平以及思想動態(tài)、華僑相關事宜,并試圖從這幾個方面來解釋農民走上互助合作道路的原因。第二部分主要是將潮汕地區(qū)的農業(yè)合作化運動進行系統(tǒng)地梳理,具體的論述互助組、初級社、高級社三個不同階段的發(fā)展情況,將其發(fā)展進程脈絡清晰地展示出來。第三部分主要針對這場運動中農民“鬧退社”行為進行分析,深層次對農民退社的原因進行探索,以及不同階層的農民在這場運動中的反映,更加真實、全面的揭示潮汕地區(qū)農業(yè)合作化運動的情況。第四部分主要是分析農業(yè)合作化運動的開展對潮汕地區(qū)農民的心態(tài)、家計等方面帶來的影響。與此同時,結合潮汕僑鄉(xiāng)的特點,對當時的僑務問題進行簡單的闡述,突出潮汕農業(yè)合作化運動的地域特點。第五部分是對潮汕農業(yè)合作化運動進行全面、辯證地評價,并通過反思這場運動,希望能給當代的農業(yè)發(fā)展提供借鑒和啟示。
[Abstract]:On the basis of land reform, the Communist Party of China carried out an economic restructuring in rural areas in the 1950s. It not only completed the socialist transformation of agriculture, but also transformed the scattered individual economy into land. The collective economy of concentrated distribution of labor also has a great influence on the politics and grass-roots organizations of rural society. Chaoshan area is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in our country, and it is also a high-yielding area of grain in Guangdong. The agricultural cooperative movement in this area was carried out earlier and typical, which can be regarded as the epitome of Guangdong cooperative movement. In the past, the investigation of the regional agricultural cooperative movement was mostly from the perspective of policy history or social history, and the interaction between the country, rural areas and farmers was not discussed much. In addition to combing the development course of agricultural cooperation in Chaoshan area, this paper also explores the farmers' family income and peasants' mentality, such as withdrawing from the cooperative society, so as to combine the regional research with the macro background, so as to combine the whole with the case analysis. Comprehensive and detailed reproduction of Chaoshan agricultural cooperative movement of the real scene. We should not only pay close attention to the principles and policies carried out by the Party and the government under certain circumstances, but also analyze in depth the concrete practical situation of these policies and their impact on rural society. The main body of this paper is divided into five parts: the first part is mainly to analyze the rural social background of Chaoshan area before the agricultural co-operative movement, that is, including the land right relations after land reform, the peasants' production and living standard and the ideological dynamics. Overseas Chinese related issues, and from these aspects to explain the farmers on the path of mutual help and cooperation. The second part mainly combs the agricultural cooperative movement in Chaoshan area systematically, discusses the development situation of three different stages of mutual aid group, primary cooperative group and senior cooperative group, and shows its development process clearly. The third part mainly analyzes the peasants' behavior of "calling off the co-operatives" in this movement, deeply explores the reasons for the peasants' withdrawal from the co-operatives, and the reflection of the peasants from different strata in this movement, which is more true. Fully reveal the Chaoshan area agricultural cooperative movement. The fourth part mainly analyzes the impact of agricultural cooperative movement on farmers' mentality and family planning in Chaoshan area. At the same time, combined with the characteristics of Chaoshan overseas Chinese Township, this paper briefly expounds the problems of overseas Chinese affairs at that time, and highlights the regional characteristics of Chaoshan Agricultural Cooperative Movement. The fifth part is the comprehensive and dialectical evaluation of Chaoshan agricultural cooperative movement, and through the reflection of the movement, I hope to provide reference and inspiration for the contemporary agricultural development.
【學位授予單位】：華南農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K27;F329
本文編號：2249412
[Abstract]:On the basis of land reform, the Communist Party of China carried out an economic restructuring in rural areas in the 1950s. It not only completed the socialist transformation of agriculture, but also transformed the scattered individual economy into land. The collective economy of concentrated distribution of labor also has a great influence on the politics and grass-roots organizations of rural society. Chaoshan area is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in our country, and it is also a high-yielding area of grain in Guangdong. The agricultural cooperative movement in this area was carried out earlier and typical, which can be regarded as the epitome of Guangdong cooperative movement. In the past, the investigation of the regional agricultural cooperative movement was mostly from the perspective of policy history or social history, and the interaction between the country, rural areas and farmers was not discussed much. In addition to combing the development course of agricultural cooperation in Chaoshan area, this paper also explores the farmers' family income and peasants' mentality, such as withdrawing from the cooperative society, so as to combine the regional research with the macro background, so as to combine the whole with the case analysis. Comprehensive and detailed reproduction of Chaoshan agricultural cooperative movement of the real scene. We should not only pay close attention to the principles and policies carried out by the Party and the government under certain circumstances, but also analyze in depth the concrete practical situation of these policies and their impact on rural society. The main body of this paper is divided into five parts: the first part is mainly to analyze the rural social background of Chaoshan area before the agricultural co-operative movement, that is, including the land right relations after land reform, the peasants' production and living standard and the ideological dynamics. Overseas Chinese related issues, and from these aspects to explain the farmers on the path of mutual help and cooperation. The second part mainly combs the agricultural cooperative movement in Chaoshan area systematically, discusses the development situation of three different stages of mutual aid group, primary cooperative group and senior cooperative group, and shows its development process clearly. The third part mainly analyzes the peasants' behavior of "calling off the co-operatives" in this movement, deeply explores the reasons for the peasants' withdrawal from the co-operatives, and the reflection of the peasants from different strata in this movement, which is more true. Fully reveal the Chaoshan area agricultural cooperative movement. The fourth part mainly analyzes the impact of agricultural cooperative movement on farmers' mentality and family planning in Chaoshan area. At the same time, combined with the characteristics of Chaoshan overseas Chinese Township, this paper briefly expounds the problems of overseas Chinese affairs at that time, and highlights the regional characteristics of Chaoshan Agricultural Cooperative Movement. The fifth part is the comprehensive and dialectical evaluation of Chaoshan agricultural cooperative movement, and through the reflection of the movement, I hope to provide reference and inspiration for the contemporary agricultural development.
【學位授予單位】：華南農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K27;F329
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，本文編號：2249412
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