【摘要】：本文選取關(guān)中為研究的切入點(diǎn),主要研究?jī)?nèi)容為市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展演變和時(shí)空分布。對(duì)于市場(chǎng)的研究,一直是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)史學(xué)家研究的主要對(duì)象,但大多數(shù)學(xué)者把目光集中在江南地區(qū),時(shí)間多框定在明清時(shí)期,其間雖有零星的研究專著和論文涉及西北地區(qū),但大都從宏觀上予以把握和分析,缺少對(duì)區(qū)域內(nèi)部差異的考察,同時(shí)忽視了對(duì)地理因素的考慮,陜西亦不例外。而這些恰好是我們歷史地理學(xué)研究者的特長(zhǎng),能將地理因素和空間概念運(yùn)用于研究之中,并充分考慮不同地理環(huán)境下人口、經(jīng)濟(jì)、交通等因子的作用,如此,便是這篇文章不同之處。 至于時(shí)間的界定,主要是因?yàn)槊駠?guó)時(shí)期是陜西乃至整個(gè)西北地區(qū)市場(chǎng)近現(xiàn)代化轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)各方面都朝著現(xiàn)代化的方向進(jìn)步,因此選擇這樣一個(gè)時(shí)代,具有很強(qiáng)的典型性。 就關(guān)中地區(qū)市場(chǎng)發(fā)展的歷程來(lái)看,表現(xiàn)出了明顯的時(shí)段差異性。在其影響因素中以關(guān)中十八年大饑饉,隴海鐵路的修達(dá)和抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的爆發(fā)為最重要,而且以后者影響關(guān)中市場(chǎng)發(fā)展更甚�？傮w而言,民國(guó)早期的商業(yè)發(fā)展基本上是清末的沿襲和繼承,大災(zāi)荒的出現(xiàn)和持續(xù)打斷了這一進(jìn)程,不僅延緩了社會(huì)發(fā)展的整體進(jìn)程,而且也給本地商業(yè)和市場(chǎng)發(fā)展造成了沉重的打擊,社會(huì)各項(xiàng)事業(yè)進(jìn)入蕭條期,各行各業(yè),亟待振興!而隴海鐵路的通達(dá),顯得恰逢其時(shí)。這種新式交通工具的出現(xiàn),使得關(guān)中大地再次活躍起來(lái),各地商業(yè)均得到不同程度的發(fā)展。迨抗戰(zhàn)軍興,東部省份大多淪陷,大量工廠紛紛內(nèi)遷,技術(shù)和資金均呈暴增之勢(shì),陜西得此部分優(yōu)勢(shì),商業(yè)和社會(huì)發(fā)展均進(jìn)入短暫繁榮時(shí)期。 對(duì)于關(guān)中地區(qū)市場(chǎng)空間分布格局及其總體特征的歸納亦是本文的重點(diǎn)之一民國(guó)時(shí)期,由于隴海鐵路的引進(jìn),徹底改變了原來(lái)的點(diǎn)狀分布模式,變成了以鐵路沿線分布的線狀分布格局。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),這主要是由于鐵路這種新式交通工具對(duì)于周邊地區(qū)的巨大輻射和帶動(dòng)作用所造成的。 本文對(duì)于各地市場(chǎng)發(fā)育的水平也試圖作出分析。通過(guò)研究我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn),西安為陜西境內(nèi)最大的跨省域市場(chǎng),其貨物中轉(zhuǎn)的功能在整個(gè)民國(guó)時(shí)期亦有不斷加強(qiáng)之趨勢(shì)。寶雞在抗戰(zhàn)之后迅速成長(zhǎng)為僅次于西安的省內(nèi)第二大市場(chǎng),這是民國(guó)時(shí)期關(guān)中市場(chǎng)發(fā)展過(guò)程中最大的亮點(diǎn)所在,影響力雖不及西安,但仍算得上一跨省域市場(chǎng),因?yàn)樗迅拭C、四川、陜南以及關(guān)中等地緊密的聯(lián)系起來(lái)。至于三原,其間雖經(jīng)波折,但基本上扮演者渭北平原的區(qū)域性市場(chǎng)的角色。咸陽(yáng)和渭南的地位差不多,前者為關(guān)中西部地區(qū)最重要的棉花集散市場(chǎng),而經(jīng)過(guò)發(fā)展的渭南,亦擔(dān)當(dāng)起關(guān)中東部區(qū)域市場(chǎng)的重任。涇陽(yáng)的地位較之清代而言,因傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)的相繼衰落,已不可同日而語(yǔ),究其原因,主要在于遠(yuǎn)離隴海鐵路,現(xiàn)代化因素輸入無(wú)多所致。 研究市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展,需要以研究商品交換和物資流為基礎(chǔ),反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō),脫離商品流通、交換、運(yùn)輸而大談市場(chǎng)發(fā)展變遷,顯然是不可取的。本文在吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)基礎(chǔ)之上,嘗試對(duì)民國(guó)時(shí)期關(guān)中地區(qū)的商品流通作出膚淺的探索。通過(guò)復(fù)原,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),民國(guó)時(shí)期關(guān)中地區(qū)輸出貨物幾乎全為農(nóng)產(chǎn)品,輸入貨物則主要是工業(yè)制成品。此種局面的出現(xiàn),主要是由于陜西工業(yè)不發(fā)達(dá)所造成,并非關(guān)中人民不知獲利也! 另外,像民國(guó)這樣一個(gè)現(xiàn)代化轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,社會(huì)各方面都朝著現(xiàn)代化的方向進(jìn)步,市場(chǎng)在這樣的環(huán)境中,也出現(xiàn)了許多新的動(dòng)向和新的因素,這些新因素和動(dòng)向的綜合作用,促使本地商品生產(chǎn)效率和產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的逐步提升,進(jìn)而使得關(guān)中地區(qū)的市場(chǎng)逐步趨于現(xiàn)代化。這是歷史發(fā)展的必然,也是市場(chǎng)現(xiàn)代化的自身要求。與此同時(shí),戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)造成的相對(duì)封閉環(huán)境下,一些不良經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象趨于明顯,這些問(wèn)題不但棘手而且非市場(chǎng)本身和政府政策所能調(diào)節(jié)也,至少在民國(guó)時(shí)期戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境中是無(wú)法得到解決的。因?yàn)楣ど虡I(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)是外向型經(jīng)濟(jì),所以這種封閉環(huán)境的持續(xù),對(duì)于市場(chǎng)勢(shì)必會(huì)起到阻礙作用。當(dāng)然,也正是由于這些弊端的存在,為完善市場(chǎng)體系和下一步的發(fā)展規(guī)劃,指明了方向。
[Abstract]:This paper chooses Guanzhong as the starting point of the study, and the main research contents are the development and evolution of the market and its temporal and spatial distribution.The study of the market has always been the main object of the study of Chinese economic historians, but most scholars focus on the south of the Yangtze River, and the time is mostly framed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Shaanxi is no exception, but most of them are macroscopically grasped and analyzed, lacking the investigation of regional differences and ignoring the consideration of geographical factors. These are the specialties of the researchers of historical geography, who can apply geographical factors and spatial concepts to the study and fully consider different geographical rings. The role of factors such as population, economy, transportation and so on is the difference between this article.
As for the definition of time, it is mainly because the period of the Republic of China is the key period of the market modernization transformation in Shaanxi and even the whole northwest region, and all aspects of social economy are progressing toward modernization. Therefore, choosing such an era has a strong typicality.
In terms of the course of market development in Guanzhong area, there are obvious time differences. Among the influencing factors, the famine of 18 years in Guanzhong, the construction of Longhai Railway and the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War are the most important, and the latter affects the development of the market in Guanzhong even more. Inheritance and inheritance, the emergence and continued interruption of the Great Famine not only delayed the overall process of social development, but also to the local business and market development caused a heavy blow, all social undertakings into a depression, all walks of life, urgently need to be revitalized! With the rise of the Anti-Japanese War, most of the eastern provinces were occupied, a large number of factories moved inward, and the technology and capital increased sharply. Shaanxi gained this part of the advantage, and commercial and social development entered a short period of prosperity.
In the period of the Republic of China, the introduction of the Longhai Railway completely changed the original point-like distribution pattern and changed it into a linear distribution pattern along the railways. The huge radiation and driving effect of the surrounding area.
We can find that Xi'an is the largest inter-provincial market in Shaanxi, and the function of goods transfer has been strengthened throughout the period of the Republic of China. The biggest bright spot in the development of Guanzhong market is that its influence is inferior to Xi'an, but it is still a cross-provincial market because it connects Gansu, Sichuan, Southern Shaanxi and Guanzhong closely. The former is the most important cotton distribution market in the central and western regions of Guanxi, and the developed Weinan also plays an important role in the central and eastern regional market. Not much.
To study the development of the market, it is necessary to base on the study of commodity exchange and material flow. On the contrary, it is obviously not advisable to talk about the development and changes of the market without commodity circulation, exchange and transportation. Now, in the period of the Republic of China, almost all the goods exported from Guanzhong were agricultural products, while the imported goods were mainly manufactured goods. This situation was mainly due to the underdevelopment of Shaanxi industry, not because the people of Guanzhong did not know how to profit.
In addition, in a critical period of modernization, such as the Republic of China, all aspects of society have made progress towards modernization. In such an environment, many new trends and new factors have emerged in the market. The comprehensive effect of these new factors and trends has promoted the local commodity production efficiency and product competitiveness gradually, thus enabling the local commodity production efficiency and product competitiveness to be gradually improved. At the same time, under the relatively closed environment caused by the war, some undesirable economic phenomena tend to be obvious. These problems are not only difficult but also can not be regulated by the market itself and government policies, at least during the war of the Republic of China. Because the industrial and commercial economy is an export-oriented economy, the sustainability of this closed environment will inevitably hinder the market. Of course, it is precisely because of these shortcomings that point out the direction for perfecting the market system and further development planning.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K258

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前9條

1 王靜;;民國(guó)時(shí)期隴海鐵路對(duì)咸陽(yáng)城市化的影響[J];洛陽(yáng)師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2006年01期

2 胡鐵球;;近代西北皮毛貿(mào)易與社會(huì)變遷[J];近代史研究;2007年04期

3 黃正林;近代甘寧青農(nóng)村市場(chǎng)研究[J];近代史研究;2004年04期

4 田霞;抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期陜西工業(yè)發(fā)展探析[J];抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)研究;2002年03期

5 李云峰,曹敏;抗日時(shí)期的國(guó)民政府與西北開發(fā)[J];抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)研究;2003年03期

6 樊鏵;民國(guó)時(shí)期陜北高原與渭河谷地過(guò)渡地帶商業(yè)社會(huì)初探——陜西同官縣的個(gè)案研究[J];中國(guó)歷史地理論叢;2003年01期

7 秦暉;“關(guān)中模式”的社會(huì)歷史淵源:清初至民國(guó)——關(guān)中農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)史研析之二[J];中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)史研究;1995年01期

8 鄭磊;民國(guó)時(shí)期關(guān)中地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)變遷(1928—1949)[J];中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)史研究;2001年03期

9 樊如森;;民國(guó)時(shí)期西北地區(qū)市場(chǎng)體系的構(gòu)建[J];中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)史研究;2006年03期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 何軍;關(guān)中農(nóng)村發(fā)展變遷研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2006年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前6條

1 鄭中偉;清代陜西市鎮(zhèn)研究[D];西北大學(xué);2001年

2 楊紅濤;民國(guó)中期關(guān)中地區(qū)農(nóng)民生活狀況研究[D];西北大學(xué);2008年

3 康欣平;清代陜西關(guān)中市場(chǎng)探析[D];西北大學(xué);2005年

4 王永飛;抗日時(shí)期西北城市發(fā)展研究[D];西北大學(xué);2003年

5 王靜;隴海鐵路與關(guān)中城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展關(guān)系研究（1912～1945）[D];陜西師范大學(xué);2006年

6 張雨新;論民國(guó)中期關(guān)中三大區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)中心的南移[D];西北大學(xué);2006年

，

本文編號(hào)：2201055