民國關(guān)中市場研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-24 14:06
【摘要】：本文選取關(guān)中為研究的切入點,主要研究內(nèi)容為市場的發(fā)展演變和時空分布。對于市場的研究,一直是我國經(jīng)濟史學(xué)家研究的主要對象,但大多數(shù)學(xué)者把目光集中在江南地區(qū),時間多框定在明清時期,其間雖有零星的研究專著和論文涉及西北地區(qū),但大都從宏觀上予以把握和分析,缺少對區(qū)域內(nèi)部差異的考察,同時忽視了對地理因素的考慮,陜西亦不例外。而這些恰好是我們歷史地理學(xué)研究者的特長,能將地理因素和空間概念運用于研究之中,并充分考慮不同地理環(huán)境下人口、經(jīng)濟、交通等因子的作用,如此,便是這篇文章不同之處。 至于時間的界定,主要是因為民國時期是陜西乃至整個西北地區(qū)市場近現(xiàn)代化轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵時期,社會經(jīng)濟各方面都朝著現(xiàn)代化的方向進步,因此選擇這樣一個時代,具有很強的典型性。 就關(guān)中地區(qū)市場發(fā)展的歷程來看,表現(xiàn)出了明顯的時段差異性。在其影響因素中以關(guān)中十八年大饑饉,隴海鐵路的修達和抗日戰(zhàn)爭的爆發(fā)為最重要,而且以后者影響關(guān)中市場發(fā)展更甚�？傮w而言,民國早期的商業(yè)發(fā)展基本上是清末的沿襲和繼承,大災(zāi)荒的出現(xiàn)和持續(xù)打斷了這一進程,不僅延緩了社會發(fā)展的整體進程,而且也給本地商業(yè)和市場發(fā)展造成了沉重的打擊,社會各項事業(yè)進入蕭條期,各行各業(yè),亟待振興!而隴海鐵路的通達,顯得恰逢其時。這種新式交通工具的出現(xiàn),使得關(guān)中大地再次活躍起來,各地商業(yè)均得到不同程度的發(fā)展。迨抗戰(zhàn)軍興,東部省份大多淪陷,大量工廠紛紛內(nèi)遷,技術(shù)和資金均呈暴增之勢,陜西得此部分優(yōu)勢,商業(yè)和社會發(fā)展均進入短暫繁榮時期。 對于關(guān)中地區(qū)市場空間分布格局及其總體特征的歸納亦是本文的重點之一民國時期,由于隴海鐵路的引進,徹底改變了原來的點狀分布模式,變成了以鐵路沿線分布的線狀分布格局。毫無疑問,這主要是由于鐵路這種新式交通工具對于周邊地區(qū)的巨大輻射和帶動作用所造成的。 本文對于各地市場發(fā)育的水平也試圖作出分析。通過研究我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn),西安為陜西境內(nèi)最大的跨省域市場,其貨物中轉(zhuǎn)的功能在整個民國時期亦有不斷加強之趨勢。寶雞在抗戰(zhàn)之后迅速成長為僅次于西安的省內(nèi)第二大市場,這是民國時期關(guān)中市場發(fā)展過程中最大的亮點所在,影響力雖不及西安,但仍算得上一跨省域市場,因為它把甘肅、四川、陜南以及關(guān)中等地緊密的聯(lián)系起來。至于三原,其間雖經(jīng)波折,但基本上扮演者渭北平原的區(qū)域性市場的角色。咸陽和渭南的地位差不多,前者為關(guān)中西部地區(qū)最重要的棉花集散市場,而經(jīng)過發(fā)展的渭南,亦擔(dān)當(dāng)起關(guān)中東部區(qū)域市場的重任。涇陽的地位較之清代而言,因傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)的相繼衰落,已不可同日而語,究其原因,主要在于遠離隴海鐵路,現(xiàn)代化因素輸入無多所致。 研究市場的發(fā)展,需要以研究商品交換和物資流為基礎(chǔ),反過來說,脫離商品流通、交換、運輸而大談市場發(fā)展變遷,顯然是不可取的。本文在吸取經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)基礎(chǔ)之上,嘗試對民國時期關(guān)中地區(qū)的商品流通作出膚淺的探索。通過復(fù)原,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),民國時期關(guān)中地區(qū)輸出貨物幾乎全為農(nóng)產(chǎn)品,輸入貨物則主要是工業(yè)制成品。此種局面的出現(xiàn),主要是由于陜西工業(yè)不發(fā)達所造成,并非關(guān)中人民不知獲利也! 另外,像民國這樣一個現(xiàn)代化轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵時期,社會各方面都朝著現(xiàn)代化的方向進步,市場在這樣的環(huán)境中,也出現(xiàn)了許多新的動向和新的因素,這些新因素和動向的綜合作用,促使本地商品生產(chǎn)效率和產(chǎn)品競爭力的逐步提升,進而使得關(guān)中地區(qū)的市場逐步趨于現(xiàn)代化。這是歷史發(fā)展的必然,也是市場現(xiàn)代化的自身要求。與此同時,戰(zhàn)爭造成的相對封閉環(huán)境下,一些不良經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)象趨于明顯,這些問題不但棘手而且非市場本身和政府政策所能調(diào)節(jié)也,至少在民國時期戰(zhàn)爭環(huán)境中是無法得到解決的。因為工商業(yè)經(jīng)濟是外向型經(jīng)濟,所以這種封閉環(huán)境的持續(xù),對于市場勢必會起到阻礙作用。當(dāng)然,也正是由于這些弊端的存在,為完善市場體系和下一步的發(fā)展規(guī)劃,指明了方向。
[Abstract]:This paper chooses Guanzhong as the starting point of the study, and the main research contents are the development and evolution of the market and its temporal and spatial distribution.The study of the market has always been the main object of the study of Chinese economic historians, but most scholars focus on the south of the Yangtze River, and the time is mostly framed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Shaanxi is no exception, but most of them are macroscopically grasped and analyzed, lacking the investigation of regional differences and ignoring the consideration of geographical factors. These are the specialties of the researchers of historical geography, who can apply geographical factors and spatial concepts to the study and fully consider different geographical rings. The role of factors such as population, economy, transportation and so on is the difference between this article.
As for the definition of time, it is mainly because the period of the Republic of China is the key period of the market modernization transformation in Shaanxi and even the whole northwest region, and all aspects of social economy are progressing toward modernization. Therefore, choosing such an era has a strong typicality.
In terms of the course of market development in Guanzhong area, there are obvious time differences. Among the influencing factors, the famine of 18 years in Guanzhong, the construction of Longhai Railway and the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War are the most important, and the latter affects the development of the market in Guanzhong even more. Inheritance and inheritance, the emergence and continued interruption of the Great Famine not only delayed the overall process of social development, but also to the local business and market development caused a heavy blow, all social undertakings into a depression, all walks of life, urgently need to be revitalized! With the rise of the Anti-Japanese War, most of the eastern provinces were occupied, a large number of factories moved inward, and the technology and capital increased sharply. Shaanxi gained this part of the advantage, and commercial and social development entered a short period of prosperity.
In the period of the Republic of China, the introduction of the Longhai Railway completely changed the original point-like distribution pattern and changed it into a linear distribution pattern along the railways. The huge radiation and driving effect of the surrounding area.
We can find that Xi'an is the largest inter-provincial market in Shaanxi, and the function of goods transfer has been strengthened throughout the period of the Republic of China. The biggest bright spot in the development of Guanzhong market is that its influence is inferior to Xi'an, but it is still a cross-provincial market because it connects Gansu, Sichuan, Southern Shaanxi and Guanzhong closely. The former is the most important cotton distribution market in the central and western regions of Guanxi, and the developed Weinan also plays an important role in the central and eastern regional market. Not much.
To study the development of the market, it is necessary to base on the study of commodity exchange and material flow. On the contrary, it is obviously not advisable to talk about the development and changes of the market without commodity circulation, exchange and transportation. Now, in the period of the Republic of China, almost all the goods exported from Guanzhong were agricultural products, while the imported goods were mainly manufactured goods. This situation was mainly due to the underdevelopment of Shaanxi industry, not because the people of Guanzhong did not know how to profit.
In addition, in a critical period of modernization, such as the Republic of China, all aspects of society have made progress towards modernization. In such an environment, many new trends and new factors have emerged in the market. The comprehensive effect of these new factors and trends has promoted the local commodity production efficiency and product competitiveness gradually, thus enabling the local commodity production efficiency and product competitiveness to be gradually improved. At the same time, under the relatively closed environment caused by the war, some undesirable economic phenomena tend to be obvious. These problems are not only difficult but also can not be regulated by the market itself and government policies, at least during the war of the Republic of China. Because the industrial and commercial economy is an export-oriented economy, the sustainability of this closed environment will inevitably hinder the market. Of course, it is precisely because of these shortcomings that point out the direction for perfecting the market system and further development planning.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K258
本文編號：2201055
[Abstract]:This paper chooses Guanzhong as the starting point of the study, and the main research contents are the development and evolution of the market and its temporal and spatial distribution.The study of the market has always been the main object of the study of Chinese economic historians, but most scholars focus on the south of the Yangtze River, and the time is mostly framed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Shaanxi is no exception, but most of them are macroscopically grasped and analyzed, lacking the investigation of regional differences and ignoring the consideration of geographical factors. These are the specialties of the researchers of historical geography, who can apply geographical factors and spatial concepts to the study and fully consider different geographical rings. The role of factors such as population, economy, transportation and so on is the difference between this article.
As for the definition of time, it is mainly because the period of the Republic of China is the key period of the market modernization transformation in Shaanxi and even the whole northwest region, and all aspects of social economy are progressing toward modernization. Therefore, choosing such an era has a strong typicality.
In terms of the course of market development in Guanzhong area, there are obvious time differences. Among the influencing factors, the famine of 18 years in Guanzhong, the construction of Longhai Railway and the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War are the most important, and the latter affects the development of the market in Guanzhong even more. Inheritance and inheritance, the emergence and continued interruption of the Great Famine not only delayed the overall process of social development, but also to the local business and market development caused a heavy blow, all social undertakings into a depression, all walks of life, urgently need to be revitalized! With the rise of the Anti-Japanese War, most of the eastern provinces were occupied, a large number of factories moved inward, and the technology and capital increased sharply. Shaanxi gained this part of the advantage, and commercial and social development entered a short period of prosperity.
In the period of the Republic of China, the introduction of the Longhai Railway completely changed the original point-like distribution pattern and changed it into a linear distribution pattern along the railways. The huge radiation and driving effect of the surrounding area.
We can find that Xi'an is the largest inter-provincial market in Shaanxi, and the function of goods transfer has been strengthened throughout the period of the Republic of China. The biggest bright spot in the development of Guanzhong market is that its influence is inferior to Xi'an, but it is still a cross-provincial market because it connects Gansu, Sichuan, Southern Shaanxi and Guanzhong closely. The former is the most important cotton distribution market in the central and western regions of Guanxi, and the developed Weinan also plays an important role in the central and eastern regional market. Not much.
To study the development of the market, it is necessary to base on the study of commodity exchange and material flow. On the contrary, it is obviously not advisable to talk about the development and changes of the market without commodity circulation, exchange and transportation. Now, in the period of the Republic of China, almost all the goods exported from Guanzhong were agricultural products, while the imported goods were mainly manufactured goods. This situation was mainly due to the underdevelopment of Shaanxi industry, not because the people of Guanzhong did not know how to profit.
In addition, in a critical period of modernization, such as the Republic of China, all aspects of society have made progress towards modernization. In such an environment, many new trends and new factors have emerged in the market. The comprehensive effect of these new factors and trends has promoted the local commodity production efficiency and product competitiveness gradually, thus enabling the local commodity production efficiency and product competitiveness to be gradually improved. At the same time, under the relatively closed environment caused by the war, some undesirable economic phenomena tend to be obvious. These problems are not only difficult but also can not be regulated by the market itself and government policies, at least during the war of the Republic of China. Because the industrial and commercial economy is an export-oriented economy, the sustainability of this closed environment will inevitably hinder the market. Of course, it is precisely because of these shortcomings that point out the direction for perfecting the market system and further development planning.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K258
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