發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-12 09:59

【摘要】：清朝晚期,西北地區(qū)伊斯蘭教花寺門宦在其創(chuàng)始人馬來遲離世之后,內(nèi)部因教義分歧發(fā)生爭(zhēng)執(zhí),從而產(chǎn)生了新老兩派。其中,贊成進(jìn)行改革的稱之為新派,反對(duì)改革的稱之為老派,兩派之間爭(zhēng)執(zhí)不斷,甚者發(fā)生了多次械斗。清朝政府西北地方官員不但沒有及時(shí)調(diào)解新老兩派之間的糾紛,其一系列的不當(dāng)處置反而使兩派之間的矛盾不斷激化。最終,于光緒二十一年(公元1895年)五月在循化地區(qū)爆發(fā)了一場(chǎng)反清運(yùn)動(dòng),并很快席卷整個(gè)河湟地區(qū),史稱“河湟事變”。河湟事變爆發(fā)后,清朝政府調(diào)集重兵對(duì)回民軍進(jìn)行圍剿。雖然,回民軍在前期與清軍的交戰(zhàn)中占據(jù)上風(fēng)。但是,隨著董福祥、魏光燾等率兵入甘,新疆巡撫陶模也入關(guān)參戰(zhàn),回民軍漸漸無力與清軍抗衡,遂被分化剿撫。青海西寧地區(qū)的回民軍被清軍擊潰后,以劉四伏為首的蘇家堡余部和以冶八個(gè)為首的永安營余部為了躲避清軍的圍捕,意圖效仿陜甘回變中的白彥虎部從玉門、敦煌方向西進(jìn)新疆。但是,由于回民軍余部自身力量并不強(qiáng)大,沒有能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)預(yù)期目標(biāo)。在清軍的圍追堵截當(dāng)中,劉四伏部經(jīng)海北草地、翻越祁連山,不斷向西逃竄。并在柴達(dá)木盆地、昌馬等地多次與清軍交戰(zhàn),冶八個(gè)部在野牛溝一帶與清軍作戰(zhàn),期間不斷有回民軍被剿滅或招撫。清朝政府將接受招撫的回民軍余部和西逃的回族流民集中安置在新疆羅布綽爾一帶。此后,因該地當(dāng)土地貧瘠,糧食欠收,被安置在此的回族部眾中不斷有人逃走。光緒二十九年(公元1903年),焉耆知府劉嘉德將剩余的回族部眾遷移到焉耆府所屬開都河南岸水草肥美的馬場(chǎng)臺(tái)地區(qū),并將此地命名為撫回莊。至此,河湟事變中,西進(jìn)的回民軍余部在南疆羅布綽爾地區(qū)落戶,并繁衍至今,成為了今天焉耆回族自治縣一帶回族人口的主要來源。這部分回族部眾的到來,改變了南疆羅布綽爾地區(qū)的民族結(jié)構(gòu),也為南疆的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和社會(huì)發(fā)展做出了一定的貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:In the late Qing Dynasty, after the late death of the founder of the Flower Temple of Islam in Northwest China, there was a dispute between the two schools. Among them, those in favour of reform are called the New School, and those who oppose the Reform call the Old School. The northwest local officials of Qing Dynasty not only failed to mediate the disputes between the new and the old in time, but also intensified the contradiction between the two schools by a series of improper handling. Finally, in Guang Xu 21 (1895 AD) in May in Xunhua region broke out an anti-Qing movement, and quickly swept the entire Hehuang area, known as "Hehuang incident." After the Hehuang incident broke out, the Qing government mobilized heavy troops to carry out encirclement and suppression of the Hui Army. However, the Hui people's Army had the upper hand in the early battle with the Qing army. However, with Dong Fuxiang, Wei Guangtao and others leading troops into Gansu, Xinjiang Patriarch pottery model also entered the war, the Hui people's Army gradually unable to compete with the Qing army, was then divided and suppressed. After the Hui people's Army in Xining area of Qinghai Province was defeated by the Qing army, the remaining parts of Su Jia Bao headed by Liu Sifu and Yongan Ying, led by Ye eight, in order to avoid the encirclement of the Qing army, intended to follow the example of Bai Yanhu who was in the process of transformation from Yumen. Dunhuang moves westward into Xinjiang. However, because the remaining Hui National Army itself is not strong enough to achieve the desired goals. In the Qing army's siege interception, Liu four-volt through Haibei grassland, across the Qilian Mountains, constantly fled to the west. And in Qaidam Basin, Changma and other places and many fighting with the Qing army, the eight departments in the bison ditch and the Qing army, during which the Hui Army was constantly exterminated or caressed. The Qing government concentrated the remaining part of the Huis Army and the displaced Hui people who fled west in the area of Lopu'er, Xinjiang. Since then, because the land was barren and poor in grain, some of the Hui people who had been resettled there kept fleeing. Guang Xu 29 (A.D. 1903), Yanqi Zhifu Liu Jiade moved the remaining Hui people to the southern bank of the Kaidu River south of the racetrack area, and named this place Fuhuizhuang. So far, during the Hehuang incident, the remaining part of the Hui Army moved westward into the Luopu'er area of southern Xinjiang, and has multiplied to this day, becoming the main source of the Hui population in Yanqi Hui Autonomous County today. The arrival of this part of the Hui ethnic group changed the ethnic structure of the Lobbuqier region in southern Xinjiang, and also made certain contributions to the agricultural production and social development of the southern Xinjiang.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K252

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