抗戰(zhàn)時期第九戰(zhàn)區(qū)軍事史研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-12 10:37
【摘要】：戰(zhàn)區(qū),是國民政府抗戰(zhàn)時期對日作戰(zhàn)最重要的戰(zhàn)略單位。全面抗戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后,國民政府先后在國內(nèi)成立了12個戰(zhàn)區(qū),以便對日作戰(zhàn)。本文所探討的第九戰(zhàn)區(qū),成立于1938年6月,作戰(zhàn)地境大體上位于湖南省、江西西北部以及湖北南部,戰(zhàn)區(qū)司令長官初為陳誠,后為薛岳,司令長官部常駐于長沙。 第九戰(zhàn)區(qū)成立后,經(jīng)歷了武漢會戰(zhàn)、南昌會戰(zhàn)、上高會戰(zhàn)、三次長沙會戰(zhàn)等9次大規(guī)模戰(zhàn)役,在作戰(zhàn)過程中,第九戰(zhàn)區(qū)最重要的作戰(zhàn)方法,是薛岳于1941年提出的“天爐”戰(zhàn)術(shù),該戰(zhàn)術(shù)雖是抗戰(zhàn)期間正式提出,但早在30年代“圍剿”紅軍時期,薛岳就曾實行過類似的戰(zhàn)法。抗戰(zhàn)期間,薛岳曾三次運用“天爐”戰(zhàn)術(shù),成功地阻止了日軍對長沙的進攻,三次長沙會戰(zhàn)堪稱“天爐”戰(zhàn)術(shù)成功運用的經(jīng)典戰(zhàn)例,但同時必須指出,“天爐”戰(zhàn)術(shù)并非完美無缺,在1944年同軍第四次進攻長沙時,“天爐”戰(zhàn)術(shù)就失去了作用,長沙終為日軍所占,這說明該戰(zhàn)術(shù)是存在缺陷的。 由于湘北是第九戰(zhàn)區(qū)對日作戰(zhàn)的主要戰(zhàn)場,因此對湖南兵役的研究,更能體現(xiàn)戰(zhàn)時第九戰(zhàn)區(qū)兵役運作情況�？箲�(zhàn)期間,湖南省軍政當(dāng)局為推行兵役工作,建立了相應(yīng)的兵役機構(gòu),采取了一系列措施,包括在基層展開兵役宣傳及實行抽簽法；優(yōu)待新兵和出征軍人家屬；對陣亡士兵進行撫恤,對傷兵進行救濟、慰問等。從總體上看,抗戰(zhàn)期間湖南省的兵役工作取得了很大的成就,并且與貴州、四川等后方省份及中共抗日根據(jù)地相比,也有著自身的特點,但是,戰(zhàn)時湖南兵役也存在著較為嚴重的弊端,如基層保甲長利用壯丁抽簽徇私舞弊、從中漁利；基層軍政人員虐待壯丁等。 抗戰(zhàn)過程中,第九戰(zhàn)區(qū)師級以上高級軍官,在年齡、受教育背景以及派系方面,均存在某種趨勢,與其他戰(zhàn)區(qū)同級軍官相比,第九戰(zhàn)區(qū)高級軍官還存在某些缺陷和不足。在軍官培養(yǎng)方面,戰(zhàn)時,中央軍校為第九戰(zhàn)區(qū)培養(yǎng)了大批軍官,保障了第九戰(zhàn)區(qū)的抗戰(zhàn),但是,必須指出,在培養(yǎng)過程中,還存在著較為嚴重的弊端,如教授過程中有不切實,流于形式的現(xiàn)象。除了中央軍校外,第九戰(zhàn)區(qū)干部訓(xùn)練團也擔(dān)負著培養(yǎng)本戰(zhàn)區(qū)軍官的任務(wù),在培養(yǎng)破壞通敵道路交通,保障“天爐”戰(zhàn)術(shù)實施方面,第九戰(zhàn)區(qū)干訓(xùn)團對本戰(zhàn)區(qū)軍官的培養(yǎng)具有相當(dāng)?shù)某尚АＴ谑勘?xùn)練方面,第九戰(zhàn)區(qū)比較重視新兵的訓(xùn)練,頒布新兵訓(xùn)練實施方案,并且在戰(zhàn)區(qū)轄境內(nèi)的刊物上登載有關(guān)新兵訓(xùn)練的文章,以供本戰(zhàn)區(qū)軍官參考借鑒。為了提高士兵的軍事素質(zhì),從1938年底到1942年,國民政府先后對所屬部隊分批進行了五期整訓(xùn),第九戰(zhàn)區(qū)的部隊曾參加了1940年的第三期整訓(xùn),通過整訓(xùn),第九戰(zhàn)區(qū)部隊的戰(zhàn)斗力有了明顯提升,次年上高會戰(zhàn)的勝利,便是此次整訓(xùn)結(jié)果的良好體現(xiàn)。 在一般狀態(tài)下,第九戰(zhàn)區(qū)針對部隊的軍糧,建立了完善的采購、運輸、儲藏機構(gòu),采取了一系列行之有效的措施,有力地保證了本戰(zhàn)區(qū)部隊軍糧的采購和儲備。在戰(zhàn)斗狀態(tài)下,第九戰(zhàn)區(qū)參戰(zhàn)部隊的后勤業(yè)務(wù),主要由第九戰(zhàn)區(qū)兵站總監(jiān)部負責(zé)。在作戰(zhàn)中,該部能夠根據(jù)戰(zhàn)局變化,不時對各級兵站機構(gòu)駐地以及補給線路進行調(diào)整,以盡力滿足我軍補給需要,并且能夠盡可能地利用所掌握的陸運、水運力量,向我軍前線部隊輸送糧彈,對于我軍負傷的官兵,兵站總監(jiān)部所轄的各衛(wèi)生機構(gòu),也努力進行收容救治,可以說對我軍的前線部隊,給予了卓有成效的后勤支援。在武器裝備上,抗戰(zhàn)期間,第九戰(zhàn)區(qū)所轄的部隊,派系紛雜,有中央軍嫡系部隊,有滇系部隊,有晉系部隊,有川系部隊,有湘系部隊,各部裝備不一,有好有差,但至少就某些部隊而言,其裝備無論在數(shù)量上還是質(zhì)量上,絕不遜于與之對峙的F1軍,甚至比日軍要強,這就使得第九戰(zhàn)區(qū)在與日軍第十一軍的長期作戰(zhàn)中至少在局部上似應(yīng)可以獲得火力上的優(yōu)勢。
[Abstract]:After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Kuomintang government established 12 war zones in China to fight against Japan. The Ninth War Zone discussed in this paper was established in June 1938. The war zone is generally located in Hunan Province, northwest Jiangxi Province and southern Hubei Province. Chen was the official officer at the beginning of the year. Later he was Xue Yue. The commander in chief was stationed in Changsha.
After the establishment of the Ninth War Zone, it has undergone nine large-scale battles, such as the Wuhan War, the Nanchang War, the Shanggao War and the Changsha War. In the course of battle, the most important battle method in the Ninth War Zone was the "Tianlu" tactic proposed by Xue Yue in 1941. Although it was formally put forward during the Anti-Japanese War, it was as early as the 1930s during the "encirclement and suppression" of the Red Army. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Xue Yue successfully prevented the Japanese from attacking Changsha on three occasions by using the Tianlu tactics. The three battles in Changsha can be called the classic battles in which the Tianlu tactics were successfully used. However, it must be pointed out that the Tianlu tactics were not perfect. In 1944, when the Japanese attacked Changsha for the fourth time, the Tianlu tactics were not perfect. The "heavenly stove" tactic lost its effect and Changsha was eventually occupied by the Japanese, which showed that the tactic was flawed.
Since northern Hunan is the main battlefield of the Ninth War Zone's war against Japan, the study of Hunan's military service can better reflect the operation of the Ninth War Zone's military service during the War of Resistance Against Japan. Generally speaking, Hunan's military service during the Anti-Japanese War has made great achievements, and compared with Guizhou, Sichuan and other rear provinces and the anti-Japanese base areas of the Communist Party of China, it also has its own characteristics, but in wartime Hunan's military campaign is also There are serious drawbacks, such as grassroots Bao Jia Chiefs using Zhuangdi lottery for personal fraud, from which to profit; grass-roots military and political personnel abuse Zhuangdi and so on.
In the course of the War of Resistance Against Japan, senior officers above the division level in the Ninth War Zone had certain trends in terms of age, educational background and factions. Compared with officers of the same rank in other war zones, senior officers in the Ninth War Zone still had some defects and shortcomings. In addition to the Central Military Academy, the Cadre Training Corps of the Ninth War Zone also undertakes the task of training officers in the war zone, which is to cultivate and destroy the road traffic of the enemy and ensure the "heavenly stove" tactical reality. In terms of military training, the 9th theater cadre training regiment attaches great importance to the training of recruits, promulgates the implementation plan of recruit training, and publishes articles on recruit training in the journals under the jurisdiction of the theater for reference. Military quality, from the end of 1938 to 1942, the Kuomintang government successively carried out five phases of training for its troops. The troops in the Ninth War Zone participated in the third phase of training in 1940. Through the training, the combat effectiveness of the troops in the Ninth War Zone has been significantly improved. The victory in the next year's high-level meeting is a good reflection of the results of the training.
Under normal conditions, the Ninth War Zone has established a complete procurement, transportation and storage organization for the army's grain. A series of effective measures have been taken to effectively ensure the procurement and storage of the army's grain in the war zone. In the course of battle, the Ministry can adjust the positions and supply routes of the various levels of military stations from time to time according to the changes in the war situation, so as to meet the supply needs of our army as much as possible, and be able to make full use of the land and water transport forces that it has mastered to deliver grain and shells to our front-line troops, and for the officers and soldiers injured by our army, the health services under the jurisdiction of the Superintendent of the military station. In terms of weaponry and equipment, during the War of Resistance Against Japan, the troops under the jurisdiction of the Ninth War Zone had various factions, including the immediate troops of the Central Army, the Yunnan troops, the Jin troops, the Sichuan troops, the Hunan troops, and the different equipment of each department. But at least in terms of quantity and quality, the equipment of some units is not inferior to or even superior to the F1, which makes it possible for the Ninth War Zone to gain at least a partial advantage in firepower in its long-term battle with the 11th Army.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：E297;K265
本文編號：2178794
[Abstract]:After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Kuomintang government established 12 war zones in China to fight against Japan. The Ninth War Zone discussed in this paper was established in June 1938. The war zone is generally located in Hunan Province, northwest Jiangxi Province and southern Hubei Province. Chen was the official officer at the beginning of the year. Later he was Xue Yue. The commander in chief was stationed in Changsha.
After the establishment of the Ninth War Zone, it has undergone nine large-scale battles, such as the Wuhan War, the Nanchang War, the Shanggao War and the Changsha War. In the course of battle, the most important battle method in the Ninth War Zone was the "Tianlu" tactic proposed by Xue Yue in 1941. Although it was formally put forward during the Anti-Japanese War, it was as early as the 1930s during the "encirclement and suppression" of the Red Army. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Xue Yue successfully prevented the Japanese from attacking Changsha on three occasions by using the Tianlu tactics. The three battles in Changsha can be called the classic battles in which the Tianlu tactics were successfully used. However, it must be pointed out that the Tianlu tactics were not perfect. In 1944, when the Japanese attacked Changsha for the fourth time, the Tianlu tactics were not perfect. The "heavenly stove" tactic lost its effect and Changsha was eventually occupied by the Japanese, which showed that the tactic was flawed.
Since northern Hunan is the main battlefield of the Ninth War Zone's war against Japan, the study of Hunan's military service can better reflect the operation of the Ninth War Zone's military service during the War of Resistance Against Japan. Generally speaking, Hunan's military service during the Anti-Japanese War has made great achievements, and compared with Guizhou, Sichuan and other rear provinces and the anti-Japanese base areas of the Communist Party of China, it also has its own characteristics, but in wartime Hunan's military campaign is also There are serious drawbacks, such as grassroots Bao Jia Chiefs using Zhuangdi lottery for personal fraud, from which to profit; grass-roots military and political personnel abuse Zhuangdi and so on.
In the course of the War of Resistance Against Japan, senior officers above the division level in the Ninth War Zone had certain trends in terms of age, educational background and factions. Compared with officers of the same rank in other war zones, senior officers in the Ninth War Zone still had some defects and shortcomings. In addition to the Central Military Academy, the Cadre Training Corps of the Ninth War Zone also undertakes the task of training officers in the war zone, which is to cultivate and destroy the road traffic of the enemy and ensure the "heavenly stove" tactical reality. In terms of military training, the 9th theater cadre training regiment attaches great importance to the training of recruits, promulgates the implementation plan of recruit training, and publishes articles on recruit training in the journals under the jurisdiction of the theater for reference. Military quality, from the end of 1938 to 1942, the Kuomintang government successively carried out five phases of training for its troops. The troops in the Ninth War Zone participated in the third phase of training in 1940. Through the training, the combat effectiveness of the troops in the Ninth War Zone has been significantly improved. The victory in the next year's high-level meeting is a good reflection of the results of the training.
Under normal conditions, the Ninth War Zone has established a complete procurement, transportation and storage organization for the army's grain. A series of effective measures have been taken to effectively ensure the procurement and storage of the army's grain in the war zone. In the course of battle, the Ministry can adjust the positions and supply routes of the various levels of military stations from time to time according to the changes in the war situation, so as to meet the supply needs of our army as much as possible, and be able to make full use of the land and water transport forces that it has mastered to deliver grain and shells to our front-line troops, and for the officers and soldiers injured by our army, the health services under the jurisdiction of the Superintendent of the military station. In terms of weaponry and equipment, during the War of Resistance Against Japan, the troops under the jurisdiction of the Ninth War Zone had various factions, including the immediate troops of the Central Army, the Yunnan troops, the Jin troops, the Sichuan troops, the Hunan troops, and the different equipment of each department. But at least in terms of quantity and quality, the equipment of some units is not inferior to or even superior to the F1, which makes it possible for the Ninth War Zone to gain at least a partial advantage in firepower in its long-term battle with the 11th Army.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：E297;K265
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