李鴻章“和戎”思想及其在邊防建設(shè)中的實踐
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-02 17:01
【摘要】：李鴻章所生活的時代,晚清政府國力衰退,內(nèi)部危機(jī)四伏,外部面對數(shù)千年未有之強(qiáng)敵。在前所未有的大變局中,李鴻章走上晚清政壇,長期參與中外交涉。在與西方列強(qiáng)的接觸中,李鴻章逐漸認(rèn)識到西方軍事力量遠(yuǎn)非清軍所能相比。他認(rèn)為中國若想轉(zhuǎn)弱為強(qiáng)、轉(zhuǎn)危為安,就必須向西方學(xué)習(xí),進(jìn)行“變法”以自強(qiáng)。“變法”需要一個安定的發(fā)展環(huán)境,所以在辦理外交事件中,李鴻章往往主張息事寧人,表現(xiàn)出對外妥協(xié)的態(tài)度。實際上并不是如此,李鴻章對外“和戎”是期望爭取以較小的代價換取和平環(huán)境,為發(fā)展自強(qiáng)運動創(chuàng)造條件。由此,李鴻章提出“外需和戎,內(nèi)需變法”的思想,并以此作為自強(qiáng)運動的主體政策。為貫徹“和戎”思想,面對西北邊疆危機(jī)之時,李鴻章不惜主張放棄國土轉(zhuǎn)而全力進(jìn)行軍事自強(qiáng)建設(shè)。在后來的西南邊疆危急之時,李鴻章清楚越南對于西南邊防的重要性,主張在越南劃定南北分界線,以保全越南獨立繼而保證西南邊疆地區(qū)的安全。李鴻章對外“和戎”,對內(nèi)則積極進(jìn)行“變法”。在和平時期他積極支持邊疆地區(qū)的軍事、經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè),旨在鞏固邊防的同時帶動邊疆地區(qū)人口、經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。李鴻章所指定的總體發(fā)展政策是適合時宜的,但受制于內(nèi)外因素,不能有效執(zhí)行。最終清王朝在內(nèi)憂外患之中,一步一步走向窮途末路。
[Abstract]:Li Hongzhang lived in the late Qing Dynasty, the national strength of the government declined, the internal crisis, external facing thousands of years of unparalleled enemy. In the unprecedented great change, Li Hongzhang went to politics in late Qing Dynasty and took part in Chinese and foreign negotiations for a long time. In his contacts with Western powers, Li Hongzhang gradually realized that Western military power was far beyond the Qing army's ability. He believes that if China wants to become strong and dangerous, it must learn from the West and "reform" in order to strengthen itself. "Reform" needs a stable development environment, so in the handling of diplomatic affairs, Li Hongzhang often advocates peace of mind and shows an attitude of compromise. In fact, it is not the case that Li Hongzhang wants to strive for a peaceful environment at a lower cost and to create conditions for the development of the self-strengthening movement. Therefore, Li Hongzhang puts forward the idea of "external demand and military, domestic demand reform", and regards it as the main policy of self-strengthening movement. In order to carry out the thought of "Harong", faced with the crisis of Northwest Frontier, Li Hongzhang did not hesitate to give up the territory and carry on the military self-strengthening construction. In the later crisis of the Southwest Frontier, Li Hongzhang understood the importance of Vietnam to the Southwest Frontier, and advocated the demarcation line between the North and the South in Vietnam in order to preserve the independence of Vietnam and then ensure the security of the Southwest Frontier region. Li Hongzhang external "and Rong", the internal actively carried out "reform." In peacetime, he actively supported the military and economic construction in the frontier areas, aiming at consolidating the border defense and promoting the population and economic development of the frontier areas. The overall development policy specified by Li Hongzhang is timely, but limited by internal and external factors, and can not be effectively implemented. Finally, the Qing Dynasty in the internal and external troubles, step by step to the end of the road.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K252
本文編號：2160090
[Abstract]:Li Hongzhang lived in the late Qing Dynasty, the national strength of the government declined, the internal crisis, external facing thousands of years of unparalleled enemy. In the unprecedented great change, Li Hongzhang went to politics in late Qing Dynasty and took part in Chinese and foreign negotiations for a long time. In his contacts with Western powers, Li Hongzhang gradually realized that Western military power was far beyond the Qing army's ability. He believes that if China wants to become strong and dangerous, it must learn from the West and "reform" in order to strengthen itself. "Reform" needs a stable development environment, so in the handling of diplomatic affairs, Li Hongzhang often advocates peace of mind and shows an attitude of compromise. In fact, it is not the case that Li Hongzhang wants to strive for a peaceful environment at a lower cost and to create conditions for the development of the self-strengthening movement. Therefore, Li Hongzhang puts forward the idea of "external demand and military, domestic demand reform", and regards it as the main policy of self-strengthening movement. In order to carry out the thought of "Harong", faced with the crisis of Northwest Frontier, Li Hongzhang did not hesitate to give up the territory and carry on the military self-strengthening construction. In the later crisis of the Southwest Frontier, Li Hongzhang understood the importance of Vietnam to the Southwest Frontier, and advocated the demarcation line between the North and the South in Vietnam in order to preserve the independence of Vietnam and then ensure the security of the Southwest Frontier region. Li Hongzhang external "and Rong", the internal actively carried out "reform." In peacetime, he actively supported the military and economic construction in the frontier areas, aiming at consolidating the border defense and promoting the population and economic development of the frontier areas. The overall development policy specified by Li Hongzhang is timely, but limited by internal and external factors, and can not be effectively implemented. Finally, the Qing Dynasty in the internal and external troubles, step by step to the end of the road.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K252
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，本文編號：2160090
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