【摘要】：鐵路是近代工業(yè)革命的產(chǎn)物,是交通運(yùn)輸?shù)闹匾块T。鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后,中國(guó)被逐步納入到世界市場(chǎng),與世界的聯(lián)系越來(lái)越緊密。面對(duì)內(nèi)憂外患,國(guó)內(nèi)開明人士呼吁并開始在中國(guó)修建鐵路。受資金及技術(shù)限制,中國(guó)鐵路大多為幾個(gè)主要資本主義國(guó)家所修筑,鐵路的管理和營(yíng)運(yùn)一開始就受制于外國(guó)。京漢和隴海鐵路就是在這種背景下修筑完成的,1906年京漢鐵路建成,1908年汴洛鐵路通車,兩路在鄭州相會(huì)。隨著京漢鐵路和粵漢鐵路的對(duì)接和隴海鐵路的逐漸展筑,鄭州成為全國(guó)性的重要交通樞紐。 隨著鐵路的開通,鄭州成為內(nèi)地農(nóng)礦產(chǎn)品的集聚地,并通過鐵路運(yùn)往京津滬漢等通商口岸城市,而外國(guó)和沿海地區(qū)的工業(yè)制成品也沿著鐵路運(yùn)抵鄭州,繼而銷往鄭州周邊地區(qū),甚至是陜甘等地。鐵路運(yùn)輸具有大量、快速、便捷的交通優(yōu)勢(shì),使之很快成為沿線客貨運(yùn)輸?shù)闹饕ぞ�。在鄭州進(jìn)行中轉(zhuǎn)的客貨量迅速增長(zhǎng),但受鐵路運(yùn)行設(shè)備及軍事戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等因素制約。 在鐵路運(yùn)輸?shù)膸?dòng)下,鄭州城市工商業(yè)逐步發(fā)展起來(lái)。傳統(tǒng)手工業(yè)逐漸被近代機(jī)器所取代,以棉花也中心的打包業(yè)、紡織業(yè)迅速興起,以鄭州周邊為市場(chǎng)的鐵制品、木制品、玻璃品加工業(yè)日漸繁榮,鄭州成為河南省重要的工業(yè)中心。同時(shí)以服務(wù)鐵路運(yùn)輸?shù)淖∷薏惋嫎I(yè)在鄭州也快速發(fā)展起來(lái),百貨零售、電影照相、手表眼鏡等沿海新商貿(mào)開始在鄭州出現(xiàn),而近代銀行和傳統(tǒng)銀號(hào)、錢莊并存的金融業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,則顯示出鄭州商業(yè)的發(fā)達(dá)。 鐵路運(yùn)輸與鄭州工商業(yè)的發(fā)展是相互促進(jìn),共同發(fā)展的。鐵路運(yùn)輸加強(qiáng)了鄭州與周邊地區(qū)甚至是沿海通商口岸的聯(lián)系,鄭州的城市腹地逐步發(fā)展起來(lái),市場(chǎng)越來(lái)越廣闊。沿海新興的行業(yè)與技術(shù)逐步移植到鄭州,因此無(wú)論是行業(yè)種類還是從業(yè)人員都具有明顯的外來(lái)性。而工商業(yè)的發(fā)展推動(dòng)了鐵路自身的設(shè)備和服務(wù)的改良,促使鐵路服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)的發(fā)展,促進(jìn)了本為鐵路運(yùn)輸業(yè)務(wù)一部分的堆棧業(yè)和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)業(yè)的繁榮。 因路而興是近鄭州城市工商業(yè)的發(fā)展根本原因,因而其發(fā)展動(dòng)力是外來(lái)的,而非內(nèi)在的；從結(jié)構(gòu)上看,商業(yè)繁榮,而工業(yè)發(fā)展緩慢。從發(fā)展階段上看,鐵路通而工商興,鐵路停則工商衰,因而對(duì)鐵路的嚴(yán)重依賴也是制約鄭州工商業(yè)發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要原因。
[Abstract]:Railway is the product of modern industrial revolution and an important department of transportation. After the Opium War, China was gradually incorporated into the world market, and more closely linked with the world. Faced with internal and external troubles, domestic enlightened people called for and began to build railways in China. Limited by capital and technology, most of China's railways were built by major capitalist countries, and their management and operation were initially restricted by foreign countries. The Beijing-Han and Longhai railways were built under this background. The Beijing-Han railway was built in 1906 and the Bianluo railway was opened to traffic in 1908. The two roads met in Zhengzhou. With the docking of Beijing-Han Railway and Yueh-Han Railway and the gradual development of Longhai Railway, Zhengzhou has become an important national transportation hub. With the opening of the railway, Zhengzhou became a gathering place for agricultural and mineral products in the interior, and it was transported by rail to Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Han and other trading port cities, while manufactured goods from foreign countries and coastal areas also arrived in Zhengzhou along the railway and then sold to the surrounding areas of Zhengzhou. Even places like Shaanxi and Gansu. Railway transportation has the advantages of large, fast and convenient transportation, which makes it the main means of passenger and freight transportation. The passenger volume in Zhengzhou increased rapidly, but was restricted by railway operation equipment and military warfare. Under the impetus of railway transportation, Zhengzhou city industry and commerce develops step by step. The traditional handicraft industry was gradually replaced by modern machinery, with the packaging industry of cotton as the center, the textile industry springing up rapidly, and the iron products, wood products and glass products processing industry around Zhengzhou became more and more prosperous. Zhengzhou has become an important industrial center in Henan Province. At the same time, the accommodation and catering industry, which serves railway transport, has also developed rapidly in Zhengzhou. New coastal commerce such as retail sales, film photography, watches and glasses began to appear in Zhengzhou, while modern banks and traditional silver brands began to appear. The rapid development of financial industry with the coexistence of banks shows the commercial development of Zhengzhou. Railway transportation and the development of Zhengzhou industry and commerce promote each other and develop together. Railway transportation has strengthened the connection between Zhengzhou and the surrounding areas and even the coastal ports. The urban hinterland of Zhengzhou has gradually developed and the market is becoming wider and wider. Coastal emerging industries and technologies are gradually transplanted to Zhengzhou, so both industry types and employees have obvious externalities. The development of industry and commerce promoted the improvement of railway equipment and service, promoted the development of railway service organization, and promoted the prosperity of stack industry and transportation industry, which was a part of railway transportation business. The development of industry and commerce is the fundamental reason for the development of industry and commerce near Zhengzhou city, so the motive force of its development is external, not intrinsic; from the structural point of view, commercial prosperity, but industrial development is slow. From the point of view of the development stage, the railway links and the industry and commerce flourish, the railway stops the industry and commerce decline, therefore the heavy dependence on the railway is also an important reason that restricts the development of Zhengzhou industry and commerce.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F532.9;F729;K25

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