本文選題：學田 + 田面權　； 參考：《中國社會經濟史研究》2014年02期

【摘要】：近代中國學田研究局限在幾個小的方面,其中有論者認為近代學田地權普遍發(fā)生了雙層分化,逐漸形成了公田所有者主要掌握田底權、永佃農主要掌握田面權的雙層地權格局,事實并非如此。首先,從學田加租看,民國時期屢有增加課租的舉動,并得到了政府的認可與支持;佃農對之激烈反抗,并引發(fā)教育行政部門的介入;田租征收是學田所有權的重要體現(xiàn),而增加田租從某種意義上論,是對佃農田面權的侵奪。其次,從學田佃權看,民國時期推行嚴禁包佃政策,并引發(fā)包佃者的激烈對抗,棲霞寺僧包佃學田事件就是典型;有關佃權的交涉解決方式有二,一是行政裁決,二是司法訴訟,其結果總體上看對佃農不利,畢竟這是官民之爭,分散的佃農處于被動、弱勢地位,而學田的擁有者可以借助行政權力資源。第三,從管理規(guī)章看,民國時期各級政府強化了對學田的管理,各地先后出臺了有關學田的管理辦法;其內容無論是清查,還是確定租率,以及制約抗租、包佃及轉租等,都導致對學田的管理更細化、到位�？偵霞幼狻⒌铏嗉耙�(guī)章三個方面可知,民國政府逐步強化了對學田的控制,田面權并沒有掌握在佃農的手中,所謂雙層分化說并非常態(tài)。
[Abstract]:The study of Xuetian in modern China is limited in several small aspects, among which some scholars think that the land ownership of modern school fields has generally been divided into two layers, and gradually formed a double layer land ownership pattern in which the owners of public fields mainly grasped the rights to the bottom of the fields, and the permanent tenants mainly held the rights of the land. This is not the case. First of all, from the point of view of Xuetian rent increase, during the period of the Republic of China, there were repeated increases in class rent, which was recognized and supported by the government; the tenant farmers rebelled strongly against it, and triggered the intervention of the educational administration; the land rent collection was an important embodiment of the ownership of Xuetian. The increase of land rent, in a sense, is an encroachment on the sharecropper's land rights. Secondly, from the perspective of Xuetian tenancy right, during the period of the Republic of China, the policy of strictly prohibiting the tenancy of tenancy was carried out and triggered the fierce confrontation among the tenants. The Qixia Temple monk tenancy case is typical; there are two ways to resolve the tenancy right, one is the administrative ruling. Second, judicial proceedings, the results of the overall adverse to tenant farmers, after all, this is a dispute between the government and the people, scattered tenants in a passive, weak position, and the owner of the school field can resort to administrative power resources. Third, from the point of view of management regulations, during the period of the Republic of China, governments at all levels strengthened the management of school fields, and various localities successively issued management measures on school fields; whether their contents were to check up, or to determine the rent rate, as well as to restrict resistance to rent, tenancy and sublease, and so on. Both lead to the management of Xuetian more detailed, in place. In general rent increase tenancy rights and regulations the Republic of China government gradually strengthened the control over the school field and the land area power was not held in the hands of the farmers the so-called double division theory is not the norm.
【作者單位】： 河南師范大學歷史文化學院;
【基金】：教育部人文社會科學研究2008年度規(guī)劃項目《清末社會危機與政府應對》(08JA770009)
【分類號】：F329;K258

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本文編號：2101283