本文選題：毛澤東 + 湖南農(nóng)民運動考察　； 參考：《南京大學》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：本論文主要解決三大問題:毛澤東開展湖南農(nóng)民運動考察、寫作《湖南農(nóng)民運動考察報告》的歷史背景和真正目的;毛澤東考察湖南農(nóng)民運動的詳細經(jīng)過;毛澤東的湖南農(nóng)民運動考察和《湖南農(nóng)民運動考察報告》在毛澤東思想發(fā)展以及中國革命道路選擇上的地位與作用。毛澤東考察湖南農(nóng)民運動是在社會輿論對農(nóng)民運動一片"過激"、"過火"的聲浪中進行的。在1920年代的國民革命中,隨著反封建斗爭的逐步深入,革命話語日益豐富,不僅"土豪劣紳"等話語應運而生,而且廣大鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)的革命民眾發(fā)現(xiàn)了近在咫尺的"革命敵人"。在北伐勝利進軍的鼓舞下,農(nóng)民運動對以土豪劣紳和封建制度為代表的傳統(tǒng)社會進行猛烈打擊。在急速發(fā)展的湖南農(nóng)民運動中,鄉(xiāng)村原有的社會矛盾不斷地被揭示,廣大民眾的斗爭激情一再被點燃,這使得"鏟除土豪劣紳"的運動迅速擴大并過激,利益受損者大造反對農(nóng)民運動的輿論,整個社會對此沸沸揚揚。對農(nóng)民運動的不同觀點迅速反映到革命陣營內(nèi),使得陣營內(nèi)部充滿了矛盾紛爭。當時土豪劣紳惡意詆毀農(nóng)運并作勢反撲,國共兩黨力量懸殊、國民黨右派蠢蠢欲動,國民革命軍內(nèi)部也產(chǎn)生了日益濃厚的反農(nóng)運情緒,因此不僅湖南農(nóng)民運動面臨扼殺的危險,而且農(nóng)運的領導者——共產(chǎn)黨也面臨著巨大的生存危機。毛澤東未雨綢繆,為力所能及地拓展共產(chǎn)黨的生存發(fā)展空間,以進一步推進國民革命,毅然下鄉(xiāng)考察農(nóng)運。毛澤東在1927年前開展了大量農(nóng)村調(diào)查。國民革命中他日益認識到了蘊藏在農(nóng)民中的巨大革命力量,對農(nóng)民問題的重要性也有了日益深刻的認識,這為他的農(nóng)運考察奠定了事實經(jīng)驗與思想基礎。農(nóng)運考察前,毛澤東已樹立"國民革命的中心問題是農(nóng)民問題","農(nóng)民問題不解決,國民革命不會成功"兩大核心觀念,但是對一些具體問題還沒有很深切的認識。論文在力所能及地挖掘和整理檔案文獻資料的基礎上,首次較為完整、清晰、詳細地考證了毛澤東考察湖南農(nóng)民運動的整個過程。從1927年1月4日至2月5日,毛澤東對湘潭、湘鄉(xiāng)、衡山、醴陵、長沙五縣進行考察,行程1400余里。考察中,毛澤東召開了大量的座談會、報告會和群眾大會,還開展了大量的個人訪談。他在考察時不斷提醒下級黨支部和農(nóng)協(xié)干部,國民黨右派遲早會叛變,國共兩黨的革命統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線遲早要破裂,因此基層黨組織和共產(chǎn)黨員要做好一切應變準備。此外,他還就黨的組織發(fā)展、農(nóng)協(xié)武裝、堅決斗爭土豪劣紳等作了大量指示、演講和報告。毛澤東給中共湖南區(qū)委的匯報以及給黨校、團校的報告,促使中共湖南區(qū)委的農(nóng)運政策迅速轉(zhuǎn)向;其后《湖南農(nóng)民運動考察報告》的發(fā)表,也對湖南農(nóng)民運動的重新高漲起了進一步的推動作用。陳獨秀等人為了維護革命統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線,實行壓制農(nóng)運、遷就國民黨右派的妥協(xié)退讓政策,《湖南農(nóng)民運動考察報告》的發(fā)表一度遭到壓制,中共中央機關報——《向?qū)А飞踔林型就？Ｃ珴蓶|在日益混亂和危急的局勢中堅持自己的主見。在對中國革命何去何從的重大問題上,他在農(nóng)運考察和考察報告中已有思想的基礎上進一步發(fā)展,逐漸形成自己的革命方略:與共產(chǎn)國際和斯大林路線截然不同的中國革命戰(zhàn)略。在中共黨內(nèi),他的堅決與陳獨秀的隱讓退縮形成鮮明對比:馬日事變后,毛澤東雖然在武漢國民黨中央軍事委員會上不主張用武力解決問題,但只要沒有國共兩黨高層的壓制,他就堅決主張對反動派開展堅決斗爭。在湖南衡山等地,他一再強調(diào)加強武裝準備。八七會議上,他提出"槍桿子里面出政權"的論斷,力主開展獨立的武裝斗爭;在隨后的秋收起義和井岡山斗爭中,毛澤東不僅將革命的主要方向和重心由城市轉(zhuǎn)向農(nóng)村,而且將土地革命、武裝斗爭、根據(jù)地建設、黨的建設等在農(nóng)村的革命環(huán)境中統(tǒng)一起來,從而開創(chuàng)了工農(nóng)武裝割據(jù)、農(nóng)村包圍城市的中國革命道路。在分析評價毛澤東的農(nóng)民運動考察和《湖南農(nóng)民運動考察報告》時,本文力所能及地不為毛澤東的話語和文本所局限,而是結(jié)合湖南人的性格,鄉(xiāng)村傳統(tǒng)恩仇文化以及晚清民初以來具體的經(jīng)濟社會環(huán)境進行分析。作為毛澤東青年時代的一篇重要文章,《湖南農(nóng)民運動考察報告》的版本和修改較多,本文附錄對1927年的《戰(zhàn)士》初版與1951年毛澤東親自改定的《毛澤東選集》版本進行了詳細對照,并對相關修改進行了分析統(tǒng)計。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly solves three major problems: Mao Zedong carries out the Hunan peasant movement investigation, writes the historical background and the real purpose of the Hunan peasant movement survey report; Mao Zedong examines the detailed course of the peasant movement in Hunan; Mao Zedong's Hunan peasant movement investigation and the Hunan peasant movement inspection report > in Mao Zedong thought development and China The position and function of the choice of the revolutionary road. Mao Zedong inspects the movement of the peasants of Hunan in the sound waves of "excessive" and "excessive" in the movement of the peasant movement. In the national revolution of 1920s, with the gradual deepening of the anti feudal struggle, the revolutionary discourse was rich and rich, not only the "local tyrants and evil gentry" and so on, but also the vast majority of the words of "the local tyrants and evil gentry" and so on. The revolutionary people in the rural areas found the "revolutionary enemy" in close proximity. Inspired by the victory of the northern expedition, the peasant movement had a violent blow to the traditional society represented by the local tyrants and evil gentry and the feudal system. In the rapid development of the Hunan peasant movement, the original social contradictions in the countryside were constantly revealed and the struggle of the masses was stimulated. The movement of "eradicating the local tyrants and evil gentry" has been rapidly expanded and excused, and the people who have lost the interests of the peasants have made great efforts to oppose the public opinion of the peasant movement, and the whole society is boiling up. The different views of the peasant movement are quickly reflected in the revolutionary camp, making the camp filled with contradictions and disputes. The opposition of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of the Kuomintang, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the Rightists of the Kuomintang and the Kuomintang's Rightists, and the growing anti peasant movement in the National Revolutionary Army, are not only dangerous to the strangulation of the peasant movement in Hunan, but also the Communist Party of Agriculture, the Communist Party, which is faced with a huge crisis of survival. To develop the space for the survival and development of the Communist Party, to further promote the national revolution and to go to the countryside to investigate the agricultural transport. Mao Zedong carried out a large number of rural investigations before 1927. In the national revolution, he became increasingly aware of the huge revolutionary forces in the peasants and had a deeper understanding of the importance of the farmers' problems, which was an investigation for his agricultural transport. Before the investigation of agricultural transportation, Mao Zedong has set up the two core concepts of "the central issue of the national revolution, the problem of farmers", "the problem of farmers will not be solved, the national revolution will not succeed", but there is no deep understanding of some specific problems. On the basis, the first more complete, clear and detailed examination of the whole process of Mao Zedong's investigation of the movement of Hunan farmers was made. From January 4, 1927 to February 5th, Mao Zedong inspected five counties in Xiangtan, Xiangxiang, Heng Mountain, Liling and Changsha. During the survey, Mao Zedong held a large number of symposiums, reports and mass meetings, and also carried out A large number of personal interviews. During his investigation, he kept reminding the lower Party branch and the cadres of the Agricultural Association, the Kuomintang rightists would mutiny sooner or later, and the revolutionary united front of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China would break up sooner or later, so that the party organizations and communists at the grass-roots level should prepare for all the contingencies. In addition, he also made a strong struggle against the local tyrants and evil gentry on the party's organizational development, the Agricultural Association and the Communist Party. A large number of instructions, speeches and reports, Mao Zedong's report to the Hunan District Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the report to the Party school and the League school to prompt the agricultural transport policy of the Hunan District Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the publication of the Hunan peasant movement review report, also played a further role in the further promotion of the peasant movement in Hunan. Chen Duxiu and others made a further contribution. To maintain the revolutionary united front, to suppress the agricultural transport and to move to the compromise and concessions of the Rightists of the Kuomintang, the publication of the report of the Hunan peasant movement inspection report was once suppressed, the central organ of the Communist Party of China, the guide of the Communist Party of China, even stopped in the midway. In the increasingly chaotic and critical situation, Mao Zedong has persisted in his own opinion. On the major issue, he developed further on the basis of his thought in the investigation and investigation report of the agricultural transportation, and gradually formed his own revolutionary strategy: the Chinese revolutionary strategy is different from the Communist International and the Stalin line. In the Party of the Communist Party, his firm and Chen Duxiu's concealed withdrawal form a sharp contrast: after the Ma day incident, Mao Zedong though However, the Central Military Committee of the Kuomintang, Wuhan, did not advocate the use of force to solve the problem, but as long as there was no suppression by the high-level two parties of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, he insisted on a resolute struggle against the reactionaries. In Hunan and Heng Mountain, he repeatedly stressed the strengthening of armed preparation. At the 87 meeting, he proposed the argument of "the political power inside the gun." In the subsequent Autumn Harvest Uprising and Jinggangshan struggle, Mao Zedong not only turned the main direction and center of gravity of the revolution from the city to the countryside, but also unified the land revolution, the armed struggle, the base area construction, the party construction and so on in the rural revolutionary environment, thus opened the armed separatist of the workers and peasants, and surrounded the cities in the countryside. The Chinese revolutionary road. In the analysis and evaluation of Mao Zedong's peasant movement investigation and the report of the Hunan peasant movement inspection report, the power and land can not be limited to Mao Zedong's discourse and text, but an analysis of the character of the people of Hunan, the culture of the traditional revenge in the countryside and the economic and social environment since the early Qing Dynasty. As Mao Ze An important article in the East Youth era, the edition and revision of the Hunan peasant movement survey report is more. The appendix of this article makes a detailed contrast to the edition of the "Mao Zedong selection", which was changed by Mao Zedong personally in 1951 in 1927, and analyses the related revisions.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：A841;K261.4
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本文編號：2076490